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Natural Products pp 479–522Cite as

Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids

Abstract

Plants of the Amaryllidaceae family, including ca. 75 genera and about 1,100 species, are among the top 20 in the most widely considered medicinal plant families. A number of pharmacologically active compounds, such as phenols, alkaloids, lectins, peptides, etc., have been identified and characterized from this family. As primary constituents, up to 500 structurally diverse Amaryllidaceae alkaloids have been isolated to date. These biogenetically related alkaloids are basically classified into 12 different skeleton types according to their ring systems. Representative structures for each type of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids are shown in this chapter. Biosynthetic pathways for each type of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids including those newly established subgroups are also discussed. In addition, recent reports on the occurrence and biological activity profiles of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids are summarized.

Keywords

  • Alkaloid
  • amaryllidaceae
  • biological activity
  • biosynthesis
  • tyrosine

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Fig. 17.1
Scheme 17.1
Scheme 17.2
Scheme 17.3
Scheme 17.4
Scheme 17.5
Scheme 17.6
Scheme 17.7
Scheme 17.8

Abbreviations

Ac:

Acetyl

AChE:

Acetylcholinesterase

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Et:

Ethyl

Glu:

Glucoside

Me:

Methyl

Nic:

3-Nicotinyl acid

Phe:

L-Phenylalanine

Tyr:

L-Tyrosine

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  1. Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China

    Dr. Zhong Jin & Xiao-Hua Xu

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  2. Xiao-Hua Xu
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  1. Botany Department, M.L. Sukhadia University, Durga Nursery Road, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India

    Kishan Gopal Ramawat

  2. Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences, Biological-Active Plant Substances Study, University of Bordeaux, 210 Chemin de Leysotte CS 50008, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France

    Jean-Michel Mérillon

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Jin, Z., Xu, XH. (2013). Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids. In: Ramawat, K., Mérillon, JM. (eds) Natural Products. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22144-6_18

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