Skip to main content
Book cover

Natural Products pp 4087–4107Cite as

Essential Oils in Insect Control

Abstract

The societal claim for a friendly environmental use of pesticides today implicates to promote alternative solutions for a better and relevant using of chemicals. Because they have a broad spectrum of uses, essential oils (EOs) have many industrial applications. They are used now in plant protection and as biocide. They occupy a significant place among insect pest biocontrol agents (BCAs) and represent a consistent part within the market of botanicals used as alternative to chemicals. After phytochemical considerations, this chapter presents the wide range of activities of EOs on insect. Trends and prospects including a discussion about their advantages for an ecological friendly approach but also the factors that impede their commercial development conclude.

Keywords

  • Benefit-risk ratio
  • commercialization
  • essential oils
  • insect control
  • mechanisms of action
  • monoterpenes
  • phytochemistry
  • regulation
  • toxicity

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-22144-6_181
  • Chapter length: 21 pages
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
eBook
USD   2,999.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • ISBN: 978-3-642-22144-6
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
Hardcover Book
USD   4,499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Learn about institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

AOPWIN:

Atmospheric oxidation program for Microsoft Windows

BCAs:

Biocontrol agents

CAGR:

Compound annual growth rate

cAMP:

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

CSPs:

Chemosensory proteins

EOs:

Essential oils

GABA:

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

GOBPs:

General odorant binding proteins

GS-FID:

Gas chromatography-flame ionization detector

GS-MS:

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

IPM:

Integrated pest management

LC50 :

Lethal concentration 50

LD50 :

Lethal dose 50

OBPs:

Odorant binding proteins

PPP:

Plant protection product

UIPP:

Union des industries de la protection des plantes

USD:

US dollar

References

  1. UIPP (2011). Rapport d’activité 2010–2011. http://www.uipp.org/. Accessed 24 Apr 2012

  2. Burt S (2004) Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods – a review International. J Food Microbiol 94:223–253

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bruneton J (1999) Pharmacognosie, 3rd edn. Tec & Doc Lavoisier, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ngassoum MB, Ousmaila H, Ngamo LT, Maponmetsem PM, Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G (2004) Aroma compounds of essential oils of two varieties of the spice plant Ocimum canum Sims from northern Cameroon. J Food Compos Anal 17(2):197–204

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bernards MA (2010) Plant natural products: a primer. Can J Zool 88:601–614

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Gershenzon J, McConkey ME, Croteau RB (2000) Regulation of monoterpene accumulation in leaves of peppermint. Plant Physiol 122:205–213

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Pascual-Villalobos MJ, Ballesta-Acosta MC (2003) Chemical variation in an Ocimum basilicum germplasm collection and activity of the essential oils on Callosobruchus maculatus. Biochem System Ecol 31:673–679

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Isman MB, Machial CM (2006) Pesticides based on plant essential oils: from traditional practice to commercialization. In: Rai M, Carpinella MC (eds) Naturally occurring bioactive compounds. Elsevier BV, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  9. Guenther E (1972) The production of essential oils. In: Guenther E (ed) The essential oils, vol 1, 2nd edn. Krieger R.E, Malebar Florida

    Google Scholar 

  10. European Pharmacopoeia Communications (2008) European pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. Fr. EDQM, Strasbourg

    Google Scholar 

  11. Regnault-Roger C (1997) The potential of botanical essential oils for insect pest control. Integr Pest Manag Rev 2:25–34

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  12. Regnault-Roger C (2008) Recherche de nouveaux biopesticides d’origine végétale à caractère insecticide: démarches méthodologiques et application aux plantes aromatiques méditerranéennes. In: Regnault-Roger C, Philogène BJR, Vincent C (eds) Biopesticides d’Origine Végétale, 2nd edn. Lavoisier Tech & Doc, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  13. Isman MB (2000) Plant essential oils for pest and disease management. Crop Prot 19:603–608

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Isman MB (2006) Botanical insecticides, deterrents and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annu Rev Entomol 50:45–66

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  15. Regnault-Roger C, Vincent C, Arnason JT (2012) Low-risk products in a high-stakes world. Annu Rev Entomol 57:405–424

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Regnault-Roger C, Hamraoui A, Holeman M, Théron E, Pinel R (1993) Insecticidal effect of essential oils from Mediterranean plants upon A. obtectus Say (Coleoptera, Bruchidae), a pest of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J Chem Ecol 19:1231–1242

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  17. Regnault-Roger C, Hamraoui A (1994) Reproductive inhibition of Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera), bruchid of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by some aromatic essential oils. Crop Prot 13(8):624–628

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  18. Regnault-Roger C, Hamraoui A (1994) Antifeedant effect of Mediterranean plant essential oils upon Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera), bruchid of kidneybeans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. In: Highley E, Wright EJ, Banks HJ, Champ BR (eds) Stored product protection. CAB International, Wallingford

    Google Scholar 

  19. Weaver DK, Dubkel FV, Netzububanza L, Jackson LL, Stock DT (1991) The efficacy of linalool, a major component of freshly milled Ocimum canum Sim (Lamiaceae) for protection against post-harvest damage by certain stored Coleoptera. J Stored Prod Res 27:213–270

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Deshpande RS, Tipnis HP (1977) Insecticidal activity of Ocimum basilicum Linn. Pesticides 11:11–12

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Kurowska A, Kalemba D, Gora J, Majda T (1991) Analysis of essential oils: influence on insects. Part IV. Essential oil or garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Pestycydy 2:25–29

    Google Scholar 

  22. Mateeva A, Karov S (1983) Studies on the insecticidal effect of some essential oils. Nauchni Trudove–Vissha Selskostopanski Institute ‘Vasil Kolarov’ Plodiv, 28:129–139

    Google Scholar 

  23. Konstantopoulou I, Vassipoulou L, Mauragani-Tsipidov P, Scouras ZG (1992) Insecticidal effects of essential oils. A study of the effects of essential oils extracted from eleven Greek aromatic plants on Drosophila auraria. Experientia 48:616–619

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Hamraoui A, Regnault-Roger C (1997) Comparaison des activités insecticides des monoterpènes sur deux espèces d’insectes ravageurs des cultures Ceratitis capitata et Rhopalosiphum padi. Acta Bot Gallica 144:413–417

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  25. Park IK, Kim L-S, Choi I-O, Lee Y-S, Shin S-C (2006) Fumigant activity of plant essential oils and components from Schizonepeta tenuifolia against Lycoriella ingenua (Diptera: Sciaridae). J Econ Entomol 99:1717–1721

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Papachristos DP, Kimbaris AC, Papadopoulos NT, Polissiou MG (2009) Toxicity of citrus essential oils against Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae. Ann Appl Biol 155:381–389

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Liu ZL, Chu SS, Jiang GH (2011) Insecticidal activity and composition of essential oil of Ostericum sieboldii (Apiaceae) against Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum. Rec Nat Prod 5:74–81

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Shaaya E, Ravid U, Paster N, Juven B, Lisman U, Pissarev V (1991) Fumigant toxicity of essential oils against four major stored-product insects. J Chem Ecol 7:499–504

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  29. Zapata N, Lognay G, Smagghe G (2010) Bioactivity of essential oils from leaves and bark of Laurelia sempervirens and Drimys winteri against Acyrthosiphon pisum. Pest Manag Sci 66:1324–1331

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Haubruge E, Lognay G, Marlier M, Danhier P, Gilson JC, Gaspar C (1989) The toxicity of five essential oils extracted from Citrus species with regards to Sitophilus zeamais Motsch (Col., Curculionidae), Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Col., Bostrychidae) and Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Col., Tenebrionidae). Medelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen Rijksuniversiteit Gent 54:1083–1093

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Iwuala MOE, Osisiogu IUW, Agbakwuru EOP (1981) Dennetia oil, a potential new insecticide: tests with adults and nymphs of Periplaneta americana and Zonocerus variegatus. J Econ Entomol 74:249–252

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Kambu K, Di Phanzu N, Coune C, Wauters JN, Angenot L (1982) Study on the insecticidal and chemical properties of Eucalyptus saligna from Zaïre. Plantes Medicinales et Phytothérapie 16(1):34–38

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Salom SM, Carlson JA, Ang BN, Grosman DM, Day ER (1994) Laboratory evaluation of biologically-based compounds as antifeedants for the pales weevil (Hylobius pales). J Entomol Sci 29:407–419

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Alonso-Amelot ME, Avila JL, Otero LD, Mora F, Wolff B (1994) A new bioassay for testing plant extracts and pure compounds using red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst. J Chem Ecol 20:1161–1177

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Castillo L, González-Coloma A, González A, Díaz M, Santos E, Alonso-Paz E, Bassagoda MJ, Rossini C (2009) Screening of Uruguayan plants for deterrent activity against insects. Ind Crops Prod 29(1):235–240

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  36. Kokate CK, D’Cruz JL, Kumar RA, Apte SS (1985) Anti-insect and juvenoidal activity of phytochemicals derived from Adhatoda vasica Nees. Ind J Nat Prod 1:7–9

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Hassalani A, Lwande W (1989) Anti pest secondary metabolites from African plants. In: Arnason JT, Philogene BJR, Morand P (eds) Insecticides of plant origin, Am Chem Soc Symp series 387:78–94

    Google Scholar 

  38. Mwangi JW, Addae-Mensah I, Muriuki G, Munavu R, Lwande W, Hassanali A (1992) Essential oils of Lippia species in Kenya IV: maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) repellency and larvicidal activity. Int J Pharmacognosy 30:9–16

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Jilani G, Saxena RC, Rueda BP (1988) Repellent and growth inhibiting effects of turmeric oil, sweetflag oil, neem oil and Margosan-O on red flour beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). J Econ Entomol 81:1226–1230

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Wang J, Zhua F, Zhoua XM, Niua CY, Leia CL (2006) Repellent and fumigant activity of essential oil from Artemisia vulgaris to Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). J Stored Prod Res 42(3):339–347

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Kalemba D, Kurowska A, Gora J, Lis A (1991) Analysis of essential oils: influence of insects. Part V. Essential oil of the berries of Juniper (Juniperus communis L.). Pestycydy 2:31–34

    Google Scholar 

  42. Nerio LS, Olivero-Verbel J, Stashenko E (2010) Repellent activity of essential oils: a review. Bioresour Technol 101(1):372–378

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Górski R (2004) Effectiveness of natural essential oils in the monitoring of greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood. Folia Horticulturae Ann 16(1):183–187

    Google Scholar 

  44. McQuate GT, Peck SL (2001) Enhancement of attraction of alpha-ionol to male Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) by addition of a synergist, cade oil. J Econ Entomol 94(1):39–46

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Chokechaijaroenporn O, Bunyapraphatsara N, Kongchensin S (1994) Mosquito repellent activities of Ocimum volatile oils. Phytomedicine 1:135–139

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Koul O, Smirle MJ, Isman MB (1990) Asarones from Acorus Calamus oil: their effect on feeding behavior and dietary utilization in Peridroma saucia. J Chem Ecol 16:1911–1920

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Kurowska A, Kalemba D, Majda T, Gora J, Mielniczuk Z (1993) Analysis of essential oils in aspects of their influence on insects. Part II. Essential oil of tansy. Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Lodzkiej. Technologia I Chemia Spozywcza 589:15–22

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Larocque N, Vincent C, Bélanger A, Bourassa JP (1999) Effects of tansy oil, Tanacetum vulgare L., on the biology of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J Chem Ecol 25:1319–1330

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Krishnarajah SR, Gawesalingam VK, Senanayake UM (1985) Repellency and toxicity of some plant oils and their terpene components to Sitotroga cereallela (Oliver) (Lepidoptera, Gelichiidae). Trop Sci 25:249–252

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Adorjan B, Buchbauer G (2010) Biological properties of essential oils: an updated review. Flavour Fragr J 25:407–426

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Picimbon JF (2005) Synthesis of odorant reception-suppressing agents, odorants-binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs): molecular targets for pest management. In: Regnault-Roger C, Philogène BJR, Vincent V (eds) Biopesticides of plant origin. Intercept–Lavoisier, Andover-Paris

    Google Scholar 

  52. Picimbon JF, Regnault-Roger C (2008) Composés sémiochimiques volatils, phytoprotection et olfaction: cibles moléculaires pour la lutte intégrée. In: Regnault-Roger C, Philogène BJR, Vincent C (eds) Biopesticides d’Origine Végétale, 2nd edn. Lavoisier Tech & Doc, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  53. Feng L, Prestwich GD (1997) Expression and characterization of a lepidopteran general odorant binding protein. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 27:405–412

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Huignard J, Lapied B, Dugravot S, Magnin-Robert M, Ketoh GK (2008) Modes d’action neurotoxiques des dérivés soufrés et de certaines huiles essentielles et risques liés à leur utilisation. In: Regnault-Roger C, Philogène BJR, Vincent C (eds) Biopesticides d’Origine Végétale, 2nd edn. Lavoisier Tech & Doc, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  55. Priestley CM, Williamson EM, Wafford KA, Satelle DB (2003) Thymol, a constituent of thyme essential oils, is a positive modulator of human GABA and a homo-oligosteric GABA receptor from Drosophila melanogaster. Br J Pharmacol 140:1363–1372

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Enan EE (2001) Insecticidal activity of essential oils: octopaminergic sites of action. Comp Biochem Physiol 130:325–327

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Enan EE (2005) Molecular and pharmacological analysis of an octopamine receptor from American cockroach and fruit fly in response to essential oils. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 59:161–171

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Kostyukovsky M, Rafaeli A, Gileadi C, Demchenko N, Shaaya E (2002) Activation of octopaminergic receptors by essential oil constituents isolated from aromatic plants. Pest Manag Sci 58:1101–1106

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Enan EE (2005) Molecular response of Drosophila melanogaster tyramine receptor cascade to plant essential oils. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 35:309–321

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Price DN, Berry MS (2006) Comparison of effects of octopamine and insecticidal essential oils on activity in the nerve cord, foregut and dorsal unpaired median neurons of cockroaches. J Insect Physiol 52:309–319

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Mills C, Cleary BJ, Gilmer JF, Walsh JJ (2004) Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by tea tree oil. J Pharm Pharmacol 56:375–379

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Lopez MD, Pascual-Villalobosa MJ (2010) Mode of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by monoterpenoids and implications for pest control. Ind Crops Prod 31:284–288

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Meylan W (1994-1995b) AOPWIN, Syracuse Research Corporation

    Google Scholar 

  64. CHEMWATCH (2009) Material Safety Data Sheet Alpha terpineol sc-291877. http://datasheets.scbt.com/sc-291877.pdf. Accessed 15 Apr 2012

  65. Chiasson H, Delisle U, Bostanian NJ, Vincent C (2008) Recherche, développement et commercialisation de FACINMD, un biopesticide d’origine végétale. Etude d’un cas de réussite en Amérique du Nord. In: Regnault-Roger C, Philogène BJR, Vincent C (eds) Biopesticides d’Origine Végétale, 2nd edn. Lavoisier Tech & Doc, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  66. Chiasson H, Vincent C, Bostanian NJ (2004) Insecticidal properties of a Chenopodium-based botanical. J Econ Entomol 97:1378–1383

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Chiasson H, Bostanian NJ, Vincent C (2004) Acaricidal properties of a Chenopodium-based botanical. J Econ Entomol 97:1373–1377

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Bostanian NJ, Akalach M, Chiasson H (2005) Effects of a Chenopodium-based botanical insecticide/acaricide on Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Pest Manag Sci 61:979–984

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Huignard J, Dugravot S, Ketoh GK, Thibout E, Glitho AI (2008) Utilisation des composes secondaires pour la protection d’une graine de légumineuse. Conséquences sur les insectes ravageurs et parasitoïdes. In: Regnault-Roger C, Philogène BJR, Vincent C (eds) Biopesticides d’Origine Végétale, 2nd edn. Lavoisier Tech & Doc, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  70. Scrivanti LR, Zunino MP, Zygadlo JA (2003) Tagetes minuta and Schinus areira essential oils as allelopathic agents. Biochem System Ecol 31:563–572

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Dudai N, Poljakoff-Mayber A, Mayer AM, Putievsky E, Lerner HR (1999) Essential oils as allelochemicals and their potential use as bioherbicides. J Chem Ecol 25:1079–1089

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. O’ Neil MJ, Smith A, Heckelman PE, Budavari S (2006) The Merck index: an encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs, and biologicals, 4th edn. Merck & Co, Whitehouse Station

    Google Scholar 

  73. Rubel DM, Freeman S, Southwell IA (1998) Tea tree oil allergy: what is the offending agent? Report of three cases of tea tree oil allergy and review of the literature. Aust J Dermatol 39:244–247

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Rutherford T, Nixon R, Tam M, Tate B (2007) Allergy to tea tree oil: retrospective review of 41 cases with positive patch tests over 4.5 years. Aust J Dermatol 48:83–87

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  75. Bakkali F, Averbeck S, Averbeck D, Idaomar M (2008) Biological effects of essential oils – a review. Food Chem Toxicol 46:446–475

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV (1999) Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. J Appl Microbiol 86:985–990

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Poppenga RH (2002) Herbal medicine: potential for intoxication and interaction with conventional drugs. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 17:6–18

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  78. Regnault-Roger C, Philogène BJR (2008) Past and current prospects for the use of botanicals and plant allelochemicals in integrated pest management. Pharm Biol 46:1–12

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  79. Heinmenberg H (1992) Project XP-11, Patent CA 92–20 77284 920901.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Yamaguchi A, Okubo T, Nanbu H, Ishigaki S, Kawetake M, Okabe T, Saito K, Otomo Y (1989) Insect repelling and antibacterial effect adhesive, Taiyo Chemical Company Ltd. Japan. Patent JP 89–248713 890925

    Google Scholar 

  81. Liang K (1988) People’s Republic of China. Insecticidal composition containing pyrethrinoids for domestic use. Patent CN 88–105917 880711

    Google Scholar 

  82. Kono M, Ono M, Ogata K, Fujimori M, Imai T, Tsucha S (1993) Fuji Flavor Co, Japan & Nippon Tobacco Sangyo. Control of insects with plant essential oils and insecticides. Patent JP 93–70745 930308

    Google Scholar 

  83. Narasaki M, Morita H, Fujisaki T (1987) Synergistic insecticides containing insect growth inhibitors, Mikasa Chemical Industrial Co, Ltd. Japan. Patent JP 87–173368 870711

    Google Scholar 

  84. Matsumoto T, Takaoka K, Watanabe C (1987) Acaricides, insecticides and insect repellents containing benzaldehyde or perilla aldehyde. Patent JP-87 176437 870715

    Google Scholar 

  85. Okano T (1991) Non toxic insect repellent composition for protecting clothes from damage by moth and other insects, Osaka Seiyaku K K, Japan. Patent JP 91–285670 911004

    Google Scholar 

  86. Seto S (1987) Manufacture of pet collars containing pest repellents, Daiichi Yakka Co, Ltd, Japan. Patent JP 87–142137 870609

    Google Scholar 

  87. Akita K (1991) Insect-repellent and mildewcidal laminate boards, Fukubi Kagaku Kogyo K K, Japan. Patent JP 91–242869 910927

    Google Scholar 

  88. Tsubochi K, Sugimoto H (1992) Improved method for extending the insecticidal and mildewicidal performance of impregnated decorative panels, Daiken trade & industry, Japan. Patent JP 92–112272 920403

    Google Scholar 

  89. Urabe C (1992) Insect control in wood, Ohtsu tire Japan. Patent JP 92–308238 921021.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Saijo T (1989) Slow release formulations containing volatile substances useful in industries, Shoko Kagaku Kenkyusho K K, Japan. Patent JP 89–161829 890623

    Google Scholar 

  91. Klerk’s Plastic Industrie BV (1990) Insect control agent for agriculture and horticulture, Netherland. Patent NL 90–1461 900626

    Google Scholar 

  92. Feliu ZM (1990) Manufacture of insecticidal coating materials, Anfel S A, Spain. Patent ES 90–1212 900427

    Google Scholar 

  93. Arnason JT (2011) Natural products from plants as insecticides in agriculture and human health (Chapter 13). In: Pezzuto JM, Kato MJ (eds) Photochemistry and pharmacognosy, Encyclopedia of life support systems (EOLSS), developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO. Eolss, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  94. Environ Prot Agency (EPA) (2011) Regulating biopesticides. http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/biopesticides. Accessed 22 Apr 2012

  95. Paulitz TC, Bélanger RR (2001) Biological control in greenhouse systems. Annu Rev Phytopathol 39:103–133

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Isman MB (2004) Plant essential oils as green pesticides for pest and diseases management. ACS Symp Ser 887:41–51

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Regnault-Roger C, Silvy C, Alabouvette C (2005) Biopesticides: r´ealit´es et perspectives commerciales. In: Regnault-Roger C (ed) Enjeux Phytosanitaires pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement. Lavoisier Tech & Doc, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  98. Bug source (2012) EcoEXEMPT & EcoPCO® Products. http://bugsource.com/ecoexempt__products.html

  99. Health Canada (2009) insect repellents. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/iyh-vsv/life-vie/insect-eng.php. Accessed 22 Apr 2012

  100. BC Centre for Disease Control 2012 West Nile Virus. http://www.bccdc.ca/dis-cond/a-z/_w/WestNileVirus/overview/West+Nile+Virus.htm. Accessed 22 Apr 2012

  101. Off J Eur Union (OJEU) (2008) Commission Directive 2008/127/EC of 18 December 2008 amending Council Directive 91/414/EEC to include several active substances. Vol. 51 L 344/89 (20 Dec 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  102. Off J Eur Union (OJEU) (2009) Commission Decision of 8 June 2009 recognising in principle the completeness of the dossier submitted for detailed examination in view of the possible inclusion of orange oil in Annex I to Council Directive 91/414/EEC (notified under document number C(2009) 4232). Vol 52 L145/47 (10 June 2009)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UMR UPPA CNRS 5254 IPREM-EEM, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, 1155–64013, Pau, France

    Prof. Catherine Regnault-Roger

Authors
  1. Prof. Catherine Regnault-Roger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Catherine Regnault-Roger .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Botany Department, M.L. Sukhadia University, Durga Nursery Road, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India

    Kishan Gopal Ramawat

  2. Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences, Biological-Active Plant Substances Study, University of Bordeaux, 210 Chemin de Leysotte CS 50008, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France

    Jean-Michel Mérillon

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this entry

Cite this entry

Regnault-Roger, C. (2013). Essential Oils in Insect Control. In: Ramawat, K., Mérillon, JM. (eds) Natural Products. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22144-6_181

Download citation