Synonyms
Definition
Computer numerical control (CNC) means the digital control of machine tool units that consist of series of integrated mechanical actuators, electrical or electrohydraulic servomotors, power amplifiers, position and velocity sensors, and a dedicated computer running under a real-time operating system.
Theory and Application
Introduction
CNC systems control the moving units of a machine tool. The moving units are classified under feed and spindle drives, and auxiliary components such as tool and pallet changers, coolant pumps, and chip conveyors. Feed and spindle drives require smooth position, speed, and acceleration control which are carried out by the trajectory generation and digital control algorithms executed in fixed time intervals by dedicated computers. The auxiliary units are activated by programmable logical controllers (PLCs) that operate on the basis of ON/OFF logic (Altintas 2000).
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References
Altintas Y (2000) Manufacturing automation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
Altintas Y, Verl A, Brecher C, Uriarte L, Pritschow G (2011) Machine tool feed drives. Ann CIRP 60(2):779–796
Koren Y, Lo CC (1992) Advanced controllers for feed drives. Ann CIRP 41(2):689–698
Pritschow G (1998) A comparison of linear and conventional electromechanical drives. Ann CIRP 47(2):541–547
Pritschow G, Altintas Y, Jovane F, Koren Y, Mitsuishi M, Takata S, Van Brussel H, Weck M, Yamazaki K (2001) Open controller architecture: past, present and future. Ann CIRP 50(2):446–463
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© 2014 CIRP
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Altintas, Y. (2014). Computer Numerical Control. In: Laperrière, L., Reinhart, G. (eds) CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20617-7_6524
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20617-7_6524
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Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
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