Metabolism (Biological)
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Synonyms
Keywords
Compartmentation, enzymes, metabolic cascades, metabolic flux, organization, pathway, regulation
Definition
Metabolism is the collection of chemical reactions that define a living organism and allow it to make its components and obtain the energy required for staying alive.
History
Recognition that the processes occurring in a living organism are fundamentally chemical reactions came progressively with the decline in vitalism in the nineteenth century. The discovery of cell-free fermentation by Eduard Buchner sounded the death-knell of vitalism and the beginning of the unraveling of the major metabolic pathways that constitute metabolism. This process began with the understanding of fermentation and glycolysis, and by the end of the 1950s virtually all the major pathways were known.
Overview
Although a living organism is identified and recognized by its physical appearance, and hence by its structure, its status as living is...
References and Further Reading
- Ginger ML, McFadden GI, Michels PAM (2010) Rewiring and regulation of cross-compartmentalized metabolism in protists. Phil Trans R Soc B 365:831–845CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Horton R, Moran LA, Scrimgeour G, Perry M (2005) Principles of biochemistry, 4th edn. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJGoogle Scholar
- Meléndez-Hevia E, Waddell TG, Cascante M (1996) The puzzle of the Krebs citric acid cycle: assembling the pieces of chemically feasible reactions, and opportunism in the design of metabolic pathways during evolution. J Mol Evol 43:293–303CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Salway JG (2004) Metabolism at a glance. Blackwell, Malden, MAGoogle Scholar