Skip to main content

Absolute and Relative Bioavailability

  • Reference work entry

Abstract

The assessment of a drug’s bioavailability (BA) is the most important information on its pharmacokinetics. Consequently, numerous guidelines primarily focus on this issue as from the exposure efficacy as well as safety for the patient (Study Design et al. 2003; ICH E4: Dose–Response Information to Support Drug Registration March 1994; EU CPMP: Note for Guidance on Modified Release Oral and Transdermal Dosage Forms: Section II (Pharmacokinetic and Clinical Evaluation) July 1999; EU CPMP: Note for Guidance on the Investigation of Bioavailability and Bioequivalence July 2001; US FDA Guidance for Industry: Food-Effect Bioavailability and Fed Bioequivalence Studies December 2002; US FDA Guidance for Industry: Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies for Orally Administered Drug Products – General Considerations March 2003; US FDA Guidance for Industry: Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies for Nasal Aerosols and Nasal Sprays for Local Action April 2003; EU CPMP: Points to Consider on the Clinical Requirements of Modified Release Products to be Submitted as a Line Extension of an Existing Marketing Authorization June 2003).

Keywords

  • Pharmacokinetic Parameter
  • Oral Formulation
  • Relative Bioavailability
  • Oral Solution
  • Capsule Formulation

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-89891-7_16
  • Chapter length: 8 pages
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
eBook
USD   599.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • ISBN: 978-3-540-89891-7
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
Hardcover Book
USD   749.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Figure B.15-1
Figure B.15-2

REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING

  • Bergman AJ, Burke J, Larson P, Johnson-Levonas AO et al (2006) Interaction of single-dose ezetimibe and steady-state cyclosporine in renal transplant patients. J Clin Pharmacol 46:328–336

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chan LM, Lowes S, Hirst BH (2004) The ABCs of drug transport in intestine and liver: efflux proteins limiting drug absorption and bioavailability. Eur J Pharm Sci 21(1):25–51

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • EU CPMP: Note for Guidance on Modified Release Oral and Transdermal Dosage Forms: Section II (Pharmacokinetic and Clinical Evaluation). July 1999

    Google Scholar 

  • EU CPMP: Note for Guidance on the Investigation of Bioavailability and Bioequivalence. July 2001

    Google Scholar 

  • EU CPMP: Points to Consider on the Clinical Requirements of Modified Release Products to be Submitted as a Line Extension of an Existing Marketing Authorization. June 2003

    Google Scholar 

  • Ezzet F, Krishna G, Wexler DB, Statkevich P et al (2001) A population pharmacokinetic model that describes multiple peaks due to enterohepatic recirculation of ezetimibe. Clin Ther 23(6):871–885

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ICH E4: Dose–Response Information to Support Drug Registration. March 1994

    Google Scholar 

  • Kharasch ED, Walker A, Hoffer C, Sheffels P (2005) Evaluation of first-pass cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein activities using alfentanil and fexofenadine in combination. J Clin Pharmacol 45:79–88

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thummel KE, Wilkinson GR (1998) In vitro and in vivo drug interactions involving CYP3A. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 38:389–430

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • US FDA Guidance for Industry: Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies for Nasal Aerosols and Nasal Sprays for Local Action. April 2003

    Google Scholar 

  • US FDA Guidance for Industry: Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies for Orally Administered Drug Products – General Considerations. March 2003

    Google Scholar 

  • US FDA Guidance for Industry: Exposure–Response Relationships – Study Design, Data Analysis, and Regulatory Applications. April 2003

    Google Scholar 

  • US FDA Guidance for Industry: Food-Effect Bioavailability and Fed Bioequivalence Studies. December 2002

    Google Scholar 

  • Zahng Y, Benet LZ (2001) The gut as a barrier to drug absorption: combined role of cytochrome P450 3A and P-glycoprotein. Clin Pharmacokinet 40(3):159–168

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou H (2003) Pharmacokinetic strategies in deciphering atypical drug absorption profiles. J Clin Pharmacol 43:211–227

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Roland Wesch Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this entry

Cite this entry

Wesch, R. (2011). Absolute and Relative Bioavailability. In: Vogel, H.G., Maas, J., Gebauer, A. (eds) Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Methods in Clinical Pharmacology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89891-7_16

Download citation