Abstract:
Microautoradioactivity (MAR) in combination with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful method to obtain information about the ecophysiology of probe-defined single cells in mixed microbial communities. Here we give an overview of how to use MAR-FISH in various ecosystems and provide a detailed protocol for MAR-FISH, which includes sampling, incubation with radiotracers, the MAR procedure in combination with FISH and other staining techniques, microscopy, and trouble shooting.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Andreasen K, Nielsen PH (1997) Application of microautoradiography for the study of substrate uptake by filamentous microorganisms in activated sludge. Appl Environ Microbiol 63: 3662–3668.
Andreasen K, Nielsen PH (2000) Growth of Microthrix parvicella in nutrient removal activated sludge plants: Studies of in situ physiology. Water Res 34: 1559–1569.
Behrens S, Lösekann T, Pett-Ridge J, Weber PK, Ng WO, Stevenson BS, Hutcheon ID, Relman DA, Spormann AM (2008) Linking microbial phylogeny to metabolic activity at the single-cell level by using enhanced element labeling-catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (EL-FISH) and NanoSIMS. Appl Environ Microbiol 74: 3143–3150.
Brock TD, Brock ML (1966) Autoradiography as a tool in microbial ecology. Nature 209: 734–736.
Brock ML, Brock TD (1968) The application of micro-autoradiographic techniques to microbial ecology. Fur Theor Ang Limnol 15: 1–29.
Carman K (1993) Microautoradiographic detection of microbial activity. In Handbook of Methods in Aquatic Microbial Ecology. PF Kemp, BF Sherr, EB Sherr, and JJ Cole (eds.). London: Lewis Publishers, pp. 397–404.
Hesselsoe M, Nielsen JL, Roslev P, Nielsen PH (2005) Isotope labeling and microautoradiography of active heterotrophic bacteria based on assimilation of 14CO2. Appl Environ Microbiol 71: 646–655.
Huang WE, Stoecker K, Griffiths R, Newbold L, Daims H, Whiteley AS, Wagner M (2007) Raman-FISH: combining stable-isotope Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization for the single cell analysis of identity and function. Environ Microbiol 9: 1878–1889.
Kong YH, Nielsen JL, Nielsen, PH (2005) Identity and ecophysiology of uncultured actinobacterial polyphosphate-accumulating organisms in full-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal plants. Appl Environ Microbiol 71: 4046–4085.
Lee N, Nielsen PH, Andreasen K, Juretschko S, Nielsen JL, Schleifer K-H, Wagner M (1999) Combination of fluorescent in situ hybridization and microautoradiography - a new tool for structure-function analysis in microbial ecology. Appl Environ Microbiol 65: 1289–1297.
Lindahl V, Bakken LR (1995) Evaluation of methods for extraction of bacteria from soil. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 16: 135–142.
Meyer-Reil L-A (1978) Autoradiography and epifluorescence microscopy combined for the determination of number and spectrum of actively metabolizing bacteria in natural waters. Appl Environ Microbiol 36: 506–512.
Nielsen JL, Klausen C, Nielsen PH, Burford M, Jorgensen NOG (2006) Detection of activity among uncultured Actinobacteria in a drinking water reservoir. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 55: 432–438.
Nielsen JL, Nielsen PH (2005) Advances in microscopy: Microautoradiography of single cells. In Methods in Enzymology, vol. 397. JR Leadbetter (ed.). San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 237–256.
Ouverney CC, Fuhrman JA (1999) Combined microautoradiography-16S rRNA probe technique for determination of radioisotope uptake by specific microbial cell type in situ. Appl Enivron Microbiol 65: 1746–1752.
Pernthaler A, Pernthaler J (2007) Fluorescence in situ hybridization for the identification of environmental microbes. In Protocols for Nucleic Acid Analysis by Nonradioactive Probes. E Hilario and J Mackay. 2nd edn, vol. 353. Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, 53–176.
Rogers AW (1979) Techniques of Autoradiography. New York: Elsevier.
Tabor SP, Neihof RA (1982) Improved microautoradiographic method to determine individual microorganisms active in substrate uptake in natural waters. Appl Environ Microbiol 44: 945–953.
Teira E, Reinthaler T, Pernthaler A, Pernthaler J, Herndl GJ (2004) Combining catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization and microautoradiography to detect substrate utilization by bacteria and archaea in the deep ocean. Appl Environ Microbiol 70: 4411–4414.
Wagner M, Nielsen PH, Loy A, Nielsen JL, Daims H (2006) Linking microbial community structure with function: Fluorescence in situ hybridization-microautoradiography and isotope arrays. Curr Opin Biotechnol 17: 1–9.
Yilmaz LS, Ökten HE, Noguera DR (2006) Making all parts of the 16S rRNA of Escherichia coli accessible in situ to single DNA oligonucleotides. Appl Environ Microbiol 72: 733–744.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this entry
Cite this entry
Nielsen, J.L., Nielsen, P.H. (2010). Combined Microautoradiography and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (MAR-FISH) for the Identification of Metabolically Active Microorganisms. In: Timmis, K.N. (eds) Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77587-4_319
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77587-4_319
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-77584-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-77587-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences