Synonyms
Bunion
Definition and Characteristics
Displacement of the first proximal phalanx laterally is followed by a pronation deformation of the phalanx, sesamoid dislocation and later bunion formation at the medial aspect of the great toe metatarsus.
Environmentally influenced (shoewear related, gender related) with clear genetic inheritance often sex-linked.
Prevalence
Prevalence of hallux valgus increases with age reaching 37% in the geriatric population [1].
Genes
Some genetic variants related to noggin or BMP-4 mutation (fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva) [2], and generalized connective tissue laxity as in Marfan’s syndrome or hypermobility syndrome [3]. The more common type appear to be due to mechanical deformation leading to FGF expression and recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells that differentiate into bone [4]. These cells are responsible for bunion formation.
Molecular and Systemic Pathophysiology
Some deformities of the midfoot tend to facilitate formation of the...
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References
Badlissi F et al. (2005) Foot musculoskeletal disorders, pain, and foot-related functional limitation in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 53:1029–1033
Blaszczyk M et al. (2003) Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Eur J Dermatol 13:234–237
Carl A et al. (1988) Hypermobility in hallux valgus. Foot Ankle 8:264–270
Robinson D et al. (1999) Mesenchymal cells and growth factors in bunions. Foot Ankle Int 20:727–32
Herron ML et al. (2004) Sensory dysfunction in the great toe in hallux valgus. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 86-B:54–57
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© 2009 Springer-Verlag GmbH Berlin Heidelberg
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Robinson, D., Melamed, E. (2009). Hallux Valgus. In: Lang, F. (eds) Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_745
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_745
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-67136-7
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