Synonyms
Renal acidosis; Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis; RTA
Definition and Characteristics
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a syndrome characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis secondary to defective renal acidification caused by either impaired tubular reabsorption of filtered bicarbonate, defective renal H+ excretion or both, in the absence of markedly decreased glomerular filtration rate. The resulting decrease in the rate of net acid excretion is insufficient to maintain the normal acid load generated from diet and a metabolic acidosis ensues [1].
RTA was initially separated into three types: distal RTA (DRTA) (type 1), from a direct inhability to secrete acid in distal nephron, proximal RTA (type 2) caused by defective proximal bicarbonate reabsorption, and a combined proximal and distal RTA (or type 3), which represents a transient phenomenon consequence of proximal immaturity in infants with DRTA or due to carbonic anhydrase (CA) deficiency. Type 1 and type 2 are...
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References
Batlle D, Ghanekar H, Jain S, Mitra A (2001) Hereditary distal renal tubular acidosis: new understandings. Annu Rev Med 52:471–484
Rodriguez Soriano J (2002) Renal tubular acidosis: the clinical entity. J Am Soc Nephrol 13:2160–2170
Karet FE (2002) Inherited distal renal tubular acidosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 13:2178–84
Batlle DC, Hizon M, Cohen E, Gutterman C, Gupta R (1988) The use of the urinary anion gap in the diagnosis of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. N Engl J Med 318(10):594–599
Batlle D, Moorthi KMLST, Schlueter W, Kurtzman N (2006) Distal renal tubular acidosis and the potassium enigma. Semin Nephrol 26:471–478
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Ariceta, G., Batlle, D. (2009). Acidosis, Renal Tubular. In: Lang, F. (eds) Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_3401
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_3401
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