Skip to main content

African Feminisms

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
The Palgrave Handbook of African Women's Studies

Abstract

What does feminism mean and comprise in Africa? Is there a distinctly African variant, and if yes, what makes it so? These questions have been debated vigorously in the last 40 years by African women scholars who variously seek to defend and advance the broad project of feminism in Africa, if not always by this name. The chapter offers a critical review of the different theories and models of “African feminisms” that have been put forward. While there is a consensus that African feminisms must be attuned and responsive to the conditions of African women’s lives, a central point of contention concerns the nature and status therein of “culture” and “tradition” and what some deem essential and irreducible African difference. The chapter argues against even weakly essentialist theoretical accounts of African feminisms, above all because these presume an authentic African female subject of concern and thus exclude others who do not fit the mold. A view of Africa as the contextual rather than essential ground of African feminisms allows instead for the emergence of a feminist politics for all African women in their immense diversity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Acholonu, C. O. (1995). Motherism: The Afrocentric alternative to feminism. Owerri: AFA Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • African Feminist Forum Charter. (2006). Available at http://awdf.org/wp-content/uploads/Charter_of_Feminist_Principles_for_African_Feminists.pdf

  • Ahikire, J. (2014). African feminism in context: Reflections on the legitimation battles, victories and reversals. Feminist Africa, 19, 7–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amadiume, I. (1987). Male daughters, female husband’s: Gender and sex in an African society. London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amadiume, I. (2000). Daughters of the goddess, daughters of imperialism: African women struggle for culture, power and democracy. London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amadiume, I. (2001). African women: Voicing feminisms and democratic futures. Macalester International, 10, 47–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnfred, S. (2009). African feminists on sexualities. Canadian Journal of African Studies/La Revue Canadienne des études Africaines, 43(1), 151–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bádéjo, D. (1998). African feminism: Mythical and social power of women of African descent. Research in African Literatures, 29(2), 94–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baderoon, G. (2015). “I Compose Myself”: Lesbian Muslim autobiographies and the craft of self-writing in South Africa. Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 83(4), 897–915.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakare-Yusuf, B. (2003). Beyond determinism: The phenomenology of African female existence. Feminist Africa, 2, 8–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakare-Yusuf, B. (2011). Nudity and morality: Legislating women’s bodies and dress in Nigeria. In S. Tamale & S. (Eds.), African sexualities: A reader (pp. 116–129). Cape Town: PambazukaPress.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blay, Y. A. (2008). All the’Africans’ are men, all the “Sistas” are “American,” but some of us resist: Realizing African feminism (s) as an Africological research methodology. Journal of Pan African Studies, 2(2), 58–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyce-Davies, C. (1986). Introduction. In C. Boyce Davies & A. Graves (Eds.), Ngambika: Studies of Women in African Literature (pp.1–23). Trenton: Africa World.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dosekun, S. (2007). Defending feminism in Africa. Postamble, 3(1), 41–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dosekun, S. (2020). Fashioning postfeminism: Spectacular femininity and transnational culture. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwin, S. (2016). Privately empowered: Expressing feminism in Islam in Northern Nigerian Fiction. Chicago: Northwestern University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Essof, S. (2001). African feminisms: Histories, applications and prospects. Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity., 16(50), 124–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gqola, P. D. (2001). Ufanele uqavile: Blackwomen, feminisms and postcoloniality in Africa. Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity, 16(50), 11–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guy-Sheftall, B. (2003). African feminist discourse: A review essay. Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity, 17(58), 31–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassim, S. (2003). The gender pact and democratic consolidation: Institutionalizing gender equality in the South African state. Feminist Studies, 29(3), 505–528.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassim, S. (2005). Terms of engagement: South African challenges. Feminist Africa, (4), 10–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoel, N., & Shaikh, S. D. (2013). Sex as Ibadah: Religion, gender, and subjectivity among South African Muslim women. Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, 29(1), 69–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hudson-Weems, C. (1995). Africana womanism: Reclaiming ourselves. Troy: Bedford Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson-Odim, C. (1991). Common themes, different contexts. In C. T. Mohanty, A. Russo, & L. Torres (Eds.), Third world women and the politics of feminism (pp. 314–327). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolawole, M. E. M. (1997). Womanism and African consciousness. Trenton: Africa World Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolawole, M. M. (2002). Transcending incongruities: Rethinking feminism and the dynamics of identity in Africa. Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity, 17(54), 92–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, D. (2001). African feminisms. Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity, 16(50), 4–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, D. (2009). Discursive challenges for African feminisms. In S. Arnfred & A. A. Ampofo (Eds.), African feminist politics of knowledge: Tensions, challenges, possibilities (pp. 205–221). Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mama, A. (1995). Feminism or femocracy? State feminism and democratisation in Nigeria. Africa Development/Afrique et Développement, 20(1), 37–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mama, A. (2005). Editorial. Feminist Africa, 4, 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matebeni, Z., & Msibi, T. (2015). Vocabularies of the non-normative. Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity, 29(1), 3–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matebeni, Z., Monro, S., & Reddy, V. (Eds.). (2018). Queer in Africa: LGBTQI identities, citizenship, and activism. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • McFadden, P. (2003). Sexual pleasure as feminist choice. Feminist Africa, 2, 50–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • McFadden, P. (2018). Contemporarity: Sufficiency in a radical African feminist life. Meridians, 17(2), 415–431.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mikell, G. (1997). Introduction. In G. Mikell (Ed.), African feminism: The politics of survival in sub-Saharan Africa (pp. 1–50). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohammed, A., & Madunagu, B. (1986). WIN: A militant approach to the mobilisation of women. Review of African Political Economy, (37), 103–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mustafa, H. N. (2006). Eros, beauty and crisis: Notes from Senegal. Feminist Africa, 6, 20–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nkealah, N. (2016). (West) African feminisms and their challenges. Journal of Literary Studies, 32(2), 61–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nnaemeka, O. (1998). Introduction: Reading the rainbow. In O. Nnaemeka (Ed.), Sisterhood, feminisms, and power: From Africa to the Diaspora (pp. 1–35). Trenton: Africa World Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nnaemeka, O. (2004). Nego-feminism: Theorizing, practicing, and pruning Africa’s way. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 29(2), 357–385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nzegwu, N. (1990). Sisterhood. Reprinted in O. Oyewumi (Ed.), African Women and Feminism: Reflecting on the Politics of Sisterhood (pp. vii–viii). Trenton, NJ: African World Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogundipe-Leslie, M. (1994). Re-creating ourselves: African women & critical transformations. Trenton: Africa World Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogunyemi, C. O. (1985). Womanism: The dynamics of the contemporary black female novel in English. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 11(1), 63–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ogunyemi, C. O. (1996). Africa wo/man palava: The Nigerian novel by women. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oloka-Onyango, J., & Tamale, S. (1995). The personal is political, or why women’s rights are indeed human rights: An African perspective on international feminism. Human Rights Quarterly, 17(4), 691–731.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Opara, C. (2005). On the African concept of transcendence: Conflating nature, nurture and creativity. Melintas, 21(2), 189–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oyewumi, O. (Ed.). (1990). African Women and Feminism: Reflecting on the Politics of Sisterhood (pp. vii–viii). Trenton, NJ: African World Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oyewumi, O. (2003). Introduction: Feminism, sisterhood, and other foreign relations. In O. Oyewumi (Ed.), African women and feminism: Reflecting on the politics of sisterhood (pp. 1–24). Trenton: Africa World Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pereira, C. (2009). Reflections of a feminist scholar-activist in Nigeria. In S. Arnfred & A. A. Ampofo (Eds.), African feminist politics of knowledge: Tensions, challenges, possibilities (pp. 83–110). Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salo, E. (2001). Talking about feminism in Africa. Agenda, 16(50), 58–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salo, E. (2005). Multiple targets, mixing strategies: Complicating feminist analysis of contemporary South African women’s movements. Feminist Africa, (4), 64–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sofola, Z. (1998). Feminism and African womanhood. In O. Nnaemeka (Ed.), Sisterhood: Feminisms and power from Africa to the diaspora (pp. 51–64). Trenton: Africa World Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sowa, T., Win, E., Sow, F., & Kanyoro, M. (2017). Faith, Feminism and Fundamentalisms: Theo Sowa in plenary discussion with Everjoice Win, Fatou Sow and Musimbi Kanyoro. Feminist Africa, 22, 199–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steady, F. (1989). African feminism: A worldwide perspective. In R. Terborg-Penn, S. Harley, & A. B. Rushing (Eds.), Women in Africa and the African diaspora (pp. 3–24). Washington, DC: Howard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamale, S. (2006). Eroticism, sensuality and ‘women’s secrets’ among the Baganda. IDS Bulletin, 37(5), 89–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tamale, S. (Ed.). (2011). African sexualities: A reader. Cape Town: Pambazuka Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, A. (1983). In search of our mother’s gardens. New York: Harcourt.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Simidele Dosekun .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Dosekun, S. (2019). African Feminisms. In: Yacob-Haliso, O., Falola, T. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of African Women's Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77030-7_58-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77030-7_58-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-77030-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-77030-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference HistoryReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Humanities

Publish with us

Policies and ethics