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Co-Evolution of Secondary Metabolites pp 1–28Cite as

Plant Defense and Insect Adaptation with Reference to Secondary Metabolites

Part of the Reference Series in Phytochemistry book series (RSP)

Abstract

Insects pose a great threat to plants and plants in turn, withstand to insect attack through various morphological and biochemical traits. Among the plant defensive traits, secondary metabolites play a major role against insect herbivory as they are highly dynamic. They either occur constitutively in plants or are induced in response to insect herbivory. These metabolites include sulfur- (terpenes and flavonoids) and nitrogen-containing metabolites (alkaloids, cyanogenic glucosides, and nonprotein amino acids), which are being implicated by plants against insect pests. Plant secondary metabolites either are directly toxic to insect pests or mediate signaling pathways that produce plant toxins. Further, some of the plant secondary metabolites act through antixenosis mode by developing non-preference in host plant to the insect pests. However, some plant secondary metabolites recruit natural enemies of the insect pests, thus, indirectly defending plants against insect pests. However, insects have developed adaptations to these plant secondary metabolites. In this review, important plant secondary metabolites, their mechanism of action against insect pests, counter-adaptation by insects, and promising advances and challenges are discussed.

Keywords

  • Plant-insect interactions
  • Plant secondary metabolites
  • Insect adaptation
  • Sequestration
  • Induced resistance

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Acknowledgment

Funding for this review was provided by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) through the project on International Mungbean Improvement Network (CIM-2014-079) and strategic long-term donors to the World Vegetable Center: Republic of China (Taiwan), UK aid from the UK government, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Germany, Thailand, Philippines, Korea, and Japan. Thanks are also due to Dr. Paola Sotelo-Cardona (Scientist-Entomology), World Vegetable Center, Taiwan, for her critical review on the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. World Vegetable Center, South Asia, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Abdul Rasheed War & Ramakrishnan M. Nair

  2. Entomology Division, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Abdul Ahad Buhroo & Tariq Ahmad

  3. Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India

    Barkat Hussain

  4. Division of Entomology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Medak, Telangana, India

    Hari C. Sharma

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  1. Inst.des Sci.de la Vigne et du Vin, Université de Bordeaux Inst.des Sci.de la Vigne et du Vin, Villenave d'Ornon, France

    Prof. Jean-Michel Merillon

  2. Botany Department, Mohanlal Sukhadia University Botany Department, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

    Prof. Kishan Gopal Ramawat

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War, A.R., Buhroo, A.A., Hussain, B., Ahmad, T., Nair, R.M., Sharma, H.C. (2019). Plant Defense and Insect Adaptation with Reference to Secondary Metabolites. In: Merillon, JM., Ramawat, K. (eds) Co-Evolution of Secondary Metabolites. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76887-8_60-1

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