Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Climate Action pp 1–10Cite as

Artificial Intelligence and Global Changes

Part of the Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals book series (ENUNSDG)

Definitions

Although there are definitions for many of the terms used in this entry, readers should keep in mind there is not always absolute agreement on definitions, and they can vary to a degree. These should therefore be considered more as short explanations with appropriate references.

Table 1
Full size table

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

References

  • Alexander R, Hall-May M, Kelly T (2004) Characterisation of systems of systems failures. In: Proceedings of the 22nd international system safety conference. Providence, RI, USA, pp 499–508

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen P (2001) What is complexity science? Knowledge of the limits to knowledge. Emergence 3(1):24–42

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson S, Cavanagh J, Redman J (2008) How the bailouts dwarf other global crisis spending. Institute for Policy Studies, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentley RA, Maddison EJ, Ranner PH, Bissell J, Caiado CCS, Bhatanacharoen P, Clark T, Botha M, Akinbami F, Hollow M, Michie R, Huntley B, Curtis SE and Garnett P (2014) Social tipping points and Earth systems dynamics. Front Environ Sci 2:35. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2014.00035

  • Bishop CM (2006) Pattern recognition and machine learning. Springer, Basingstoke, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Boccaletti S, Latora V, Moreno Y, Chavez M, Hwang D-U (2006) Complex networks: structure and dynamics. Phys Rep 424(4):175–308

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Bradshaw CJA, Sodhi NS, Peh KS-H, Brook BW (2007) Global evidence that deforestation amplifies flood risk and severity in the developing world. Glob Chang Biol 13(11):2379–2395

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Brook BW, Ellis EC, Perring MP, Mackay AW, Blomqvist L (2013) Does the terrestrial biosphere have planetary tipping points? Trends Ecol Evol 28(7):396–401

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Buldyrev SV, Parshani R, Paul G, Stanley HE, Havlin S (2010) Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks. Nature 464(7291):1025–1028

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter SR, Cole JJ, Pace ML, Batt R, Brock WA, Cline T, Coloso J et al (2011) Early warnings of regime shifts: a whole-ecosystem experiment. Science 332(6033):1079–1082

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coates A, Ng A, Lee H (2011) An analysis of single-layer networks in unsupervised feature learning. In: Proceedings of the fourteenth international conference on artificial intelligence and statistics, pp 215–223. www.jmlr.org

  • Cohen JE, Newman CM (1985) When will a large complex system be stable? J Theor Biol 113(1):153–156

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Cook BI, Miller RL, Seager R (2009) Amplification of the North American ‘dust bowl’ drought through human-induced land degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(13):4997–5001

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dearing JA, Wang R, Zhang K, Dyke JG, Haberl H, Sarwar Hossain M, Langdon PG et al (2014) Safe and just operating spaces for regional social-ecological systems. Glob Environ Chang Hum Policy Dimens 28(Suppl C):227–238

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Fahrig L (2003) Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 34(1):487–515

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Falk RA, Stein RE (1970) Toward equilibrium in the world order system. Am J Int Law 64(4):217–226

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Forrester JW, Forrester JW (1971) World dynamics, vol 59. Wright-Allen Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Freed CD, Samson M (2004) Native Alaskan dropouts in Western Alaska: systemic failure in native Alaskan schools. J Am Indian Educ 43(2):33–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner (1970) Mathematical games – the fantastic combinations of John Conway’s new solitaire game ‘life’. Sci Am 223:120–123

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Garnett P (2018) Total systemic failure? Sci Total Environ 626:684–688

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guerra CA, Snow RW, Hay SI (2006) A global assessment of closed forests, deforestation and malaria risk. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 100(3):189–204

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunderson LH (2000) Ecological resilience – in theory and application. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 31:425–439

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Helbing D (2013) Globally networked risks and how to respond. Nature 497(7447):51–59

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hornbeck R (2012) The enduring impact of the American dust bowl: short- and long-run adjustments to environmental catastrophe. Am Econ Rev 102(4):1477–1507

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes TP, Carpenter S, Rockström J, Scheffer M, Walker B (2013) Multiscale regime shifts and planetary boundaries. Trends Ecol Evol 28(7):389–395

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Jantsch E (1971) World dynamics. Futures 3(2):162–169

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Karabanov E, Williams D, Kuzmin M, Sideleva V, Khursevich G, Prokopenko A, Solotchina E et al (2004) Ecological collapse of Lake Baikal and Lake Hovsgol ecosystems during the last glacial and consequences for aquatic species diversity. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 209(1):227–243

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Kauffman S (1996) At home in the universe: the search for the laws of self-organization and complexity. Oxford University Press, Middlesex, England

    Google Scholar 

  • Kauffman S, Clayton P (2006) On emergence, agency, and organization. Biol Philos 21(4):501–521

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Lenton TM, Williams HTP (2013) On the origin of planetary-scale tipping points. Trends Ecol Evol 28(7):380–382

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Lövbrand E, Stripple J, Wiman B (2009) Earth system governmentality: reflections on science in the anthropocene. Glob Environ Chang: Hum Policy Dimens 19(1):7–13

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Mann ME, Zhang Z, Hughes MK, Bradley RS, Miller SK, Rutherford S, Ni F (2008) Proxy-based reconstructions of hemispheric and global surface temperature variations over the past two millennia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(36):13252–13257

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • May RM (1972) Will a large complex system be stable? Nature 238(5364):413–414

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell M (2006) Complex systems: network thinking. Artif Intell 170(18):1194–1212

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Morin E (2014) Complex thinking for a complex world – about reductionism, disjunction and systemism. Systema: Connecting Matter Life Cult Technol 2(1):14–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Moulonguet, A., Bouche J (1949) [Not Available]. Les Annales D’oto-Laryngologie 66(1–2):55–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman M, Barabási A-L, Watts DJ (2011) The structure and dynamics of networks. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, United States

    Google Scholar 

  • Post E, Steinman BA, Mann ME (2018) Acceleration of phenological advance and warming with latitude over the past century. Sci Rep 8(1):3927

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Recknagel F (2001) Applications of machine learning to ecological modelling. Ecol Model 146(1):303–310

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson KA, Lissack MR (2001) On the status of boundaries, both natural and organizational: a complex systems perspective. Emergence 3(4):32–49

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Russell SJ, Norvig P (2016) Artificial intelligence: a modern approach. Pearson Education Limited, Malaysia

    Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez-Bayo F, Wyckhuys KAG (2019) Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: a review of its drivers. Biol Conserv 232:8–27

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Scheffer M, Bascompte J, Brock WA, Brovkin V, Carpenter SR, Dakos V, Held H, van Nes EH, Rietkerk M, Sugihara G (2009) Early-warning signals for critical transitions. Nature 461(7260):53–59

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schubert SD, Suarez MJ, Pegion PJ, Koster RD, Bacmeister JT (2004) On the cause of the 1930s dust bowl. Science 303(5665):1855–1859

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulman LS, Seiden PE (1978) Statistical mechanics of a dynamical system based on Conway’s game of life. J Stat Phys 19(3):293–314

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Snowden D (2011) Babies should not be thrown out with bathwater – cognitive edge. Cognitive Edge. November 16, 2011. https://cognitive-edge.com/blog/babies-should-not-be-thrown-out-with-bathwater/

  • Stepney S (2018) Complex systems for narrative theorists. In: Walsh R, Stepney S (eds) Narrating complexity. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 27–36

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Stepney S, Polack FAC (2018) Engineering simulations as scientific instruments: a pattern language: with Kieran Alden, Paul S. Andrews, James L. Bown, Alastair Droop, Richard B. Greaves, Mark Read, Adam T. Sampson, Jon Timmis, Alan F.T. Winfield. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Tscharntke T, Clough Y, Wanger TC, Jackson L, Motzke I, Perfecto I, Vandermeer J, Whitbread A (2012) Global food security, biodiversity conservation and the future of agricultural intensification. Biol Conserv 151(1):53–59

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Turcotte DL, Rundle JB (2002) Self-organized complexity in the physical, biological, and social sciences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99(Suppl 1):2463–2465

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Vespignani A (2010) Complex networks: the fragility of interdependency. Nature 464(7291):984–985

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Von Bertalanffy L (1968) General system theory. New York 41973 (1968): 40. pp 3–17

    Google Scholar 

  • von Foerster H (2003) Cybernetics of cybernetics. In: von Foerster H (ed) Understanding understanding: essays on cybernetics and cognition. Springer New York, New York, pp 283–286

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Waddington CH (1977) Tools for thought. Cape, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Watts DJ (2002) A simple model of global cascades on random networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99(9):5766–5771

    CrossRef  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiener N (1948) Cybernetics: control and communication in the animal and the machine. Wiley, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. York Center for Cross-disciplinary Systems Analysis & School of Management, University of York, York, UK

    Philip Garnett

Authors
  1. Philip Garnett
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Philip Garnett .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. FTZ-ALS, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences FTZ-ALS, Hamburg, Germany

    Prof. Dr. Walter Leal Filho

  2. Ctr Neurosci & Cell Biology, 1 Floor, Univ Coimbra, Edf Fac Medicina, Coimbra, Portugal

    Prof. Dr. Anabela Marisa Azul

  3. Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Passo Fundo University Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Passo Fundo, Brazil

    Prof. Dr. h. c. Luciana Brandli

  4. Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Dr. Pinar Gökcin Özuyar

  5. International Centre for Thriving, University of Chester, CHESTER, UK

    Prof. Tony Wall

Section Editor information

  1. University of Milano-Bicocca Italy, Milano, Italy

    Federica Doni

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Garnett, P. (2019). Artificial Intelligence and Global Changes. In: Leal Filho, W., Azul, A., Brandli, L., Özuyar, P., Wall, T. (eds) Climate Action. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71063-1_105-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71063-1_105-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-71063-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-71063-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Earth & Environm. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials Science

search

Navigation