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Definition
In the contemporary nation-state world, irrespective of the type of the political system or the form of government – unitary, federal, confederation, or monarchy – the government operates at different levels. Even though there is no consensus about how it should be organized, yet there is an agreement that governance has become (and should be) multilevel. The dispersion of power vertically between levels of government calls for allocation of subjects and corresponding allocation of fiscal resources ideally commensurate with the level and extent of functions assigned to each level of government. According to Liesbet and Gary (2003), the subject of reallocation of authority upward, downward, and sideways from central states and its consequent dynamics and intergovernmental relations are gaining attention from an increasing number of scholars in political science.
According to the United Nations Public Administration Glossary...
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Alam, M. (2019). Levels of Government for Sustainable Development. In: Leal Filho, W., Azul, A., Brandli, L., Özuyar, P., Wall, T. (eds) Sustainable Cities and Communities. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71061-7_94-1
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