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Defense, Innovation, and Costs: An Economic Analysis

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Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals ((ENUNSDG))

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Definition

UN Sustainable Development Goals require world peace to achieve good health and well-being. Defense spending has the capacity to create peace or war. Conflict means deaths and injuries of military and civilian personnel: it destroys property and physical infrastructure (e.g., houses; roads; bridges; communications). Conflict also destroys markets at both the national and international levels.

In contrast, defense spending can also create and sustain peace with protection from external attack providing opportunities for beneficial national and international trade and exchange. Defeat in war means the end of good health and well-being. Consider, for example, World War II and the Nazi Germany military occupation of Western Europe and the USSR. Military occupation resulted in deaths, injuries, the holocaust, and starvation as well as the loss of liberty and freedoms and the forced movement of labor (e.g., French civilians forced to work in Germany). For the future, the use of...

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Economics Department, University of York, York, UK

    Keith Hartley

Authors
  1. Keith Hartley
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Correspondence to Keith Hartley .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. European School of Sustainability, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

    Walter Leal Filho

  2. Center for Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Anabela Marisa Azul

  3. Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Passo Fundo University Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Passo Fundo, Brazil

    Luciana Brandli

  4. HAW Hamburg, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

    Amanda Lange Salvia

  5. International Centre for Thriving, University of Chester, Chester, UK

    Tony Wall

Section Editor information

  1. University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil

    Luciana Londero Brandli

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Hartley, K. (2021). Defense, Innovation, and Costs: An Economic Analysis. In: Leal Filho, W., Azul, A.M., Brandli, L., Lange Salvia, A., Wall, T. (eds) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71059-4_114-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71059-4_114-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-71059-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-71059-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Earth and Environm. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences

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