Definition
Biofuel – biodiesel and bioethanol – is primarily made from biomass obtained from variety of plants and agriculture crops. The biomass availability varies across countries/region. Biofuel is used as an alternative to the petroleum fuel. For this study biofuel is operationalized as production of biodiesel and bioethanol from – land-intensive – plants and agriculture crops.
Institutions are humanly devised informal and formal constrains that structures the social, political, and economic interaction, to create order and reduce uncertainty in exchange (North 1991). Institutions can be defined as the sets of working rules that are used to determine who is eligible to make decisions in some arena, what actions are allowed or constrained, what aggregation rule will be used, what procedures must be followed, what information must or must not be...
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Acknowledgments
The primary work on this topic was done as part of Fellow Programme in Rural Management at Institute of Rural Management, Anand. The study was funded by Reserve Bank of India. This manuscript is updated version of earlier work by Mishra (2018).
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Mishra, S.N. (2020). Biofuel Development: Institutional Design Across the World. In: Leal Filho, W., Azul, A., Brandli, L., Lange Salvia, A., Wall, T. (eds) Affordable and Clean Energy. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71057-0_140-1
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