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Pulmonary Hypertension

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Pulmonary Pathology

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Pathology ((EP))

  • 293 Accesses

Synonyms

PH

Definition

PH: a disease state of pulmonary vasculature with elevated blood pressure whether from increased resistance in pulmonary vessels, backup of pressure from left heart, or shunting of blood from left to right heart. Defined clinically as pulmonary arterial systolic pressure greater than 25 mmHg at rest or 30 mmHg upon exercise. Radiologically, enlarged central pulmonary arteries may be seen. Cardiac catheterization is usually necessary for first diagnosis, with subsequent work-up to search for cause. The 2013 update of WHO classification contains five main groups.

Clinical Features

Symptoms include slowly progressive dyspnea, cyanosis, fatigue, and weakness. Other symptoms may include hemoptysis in certain cases and also those of underlying conditions. Untreated, this condition results in heart failure and death.

Macroscopy

Most cases have no reliable macroscopic features within the pulmonary parenchyma. However, larger pulmonary arteries may show yellow...

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References and Further Reading

  • Barnett, C. F., Hsue, P. Y., & Machado, R. F. (2008). Pulmonary hypertension: An increasingly recognized complication of hereditary hemolytic anemias and HIV infection. JAMA, 299(3), 324–331.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cool, C. D. (2008). Vascular diseases. In D. S. Zander & C. F. Farver (Eds.), Pulmonary pathology: A volume in the series: Foundations in diagnostic pathology (pp. 111–125). Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone.

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  • Machado, R. F., & Gladwin, M. T. (2010). Pulmonary hypertension in hemolytic disorders: Pulmonary vascular disease: The global perspective. Chest, 137(6 Suppl), 30S–38S. doi:10.1378/chest.09-3057.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Patchefsky, A. S. (2012). Nonneoplastic pulmonary disease. In S. E. Mills (Ed.), Diagnostic surgical pathology (pp. 1035–1039). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

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  • Simonneau, G., Gatzoulis, M. A., Adatia, I., Celermajer, D., Denton, C., Ghofrani, A., Gomez Sanchez, M. A., Krishna Kumar, R., Landzberg, M., Machado, R. F., Olschewski, H., Robbins, I. M., & Souza, R. (2013). Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 62(25 Suppl), D34–D41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steinhorn, R. H. (2010). Neonatal Pulmonary Hypertension. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine: A Journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies, 11(2 Suppl), S79–S84. doi:10.1097/PCC.0b013e3181c76cdc.

    Article  Google Scholar 

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA

    Jenny Ross & Jaishree Jagirdar

Authors
  1. Jenny Ross
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  2. Jaishree Jagirdar
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jenny Ross .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA

    Philip T. Cagle

  2. Department of Pathology, Aberdeen University Medical School, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK

    Keith M. Kerr

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Ross, J., Jagirdar, J. (2018). Pulmonary Hypertension. In: Cagle, P.T., Kerr, K.M. (eds) Pulmonary Pathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69263-0_336

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69263-0_336

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-69262-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-69263-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

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