References
Abel M (2020) Is there a right to secession in international law? E-International Relations, 18 May 2020. https://www.e-ir.info/pdf/84268
Act on the Autonomy of Åland (1991) 16 August 1991, 1991/1144, unofficial translation by the Finnish Ministry of Justice at https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1991/en19911144.pdf
Bjorge E (2020) Island of Palmas (Netherlands v United States of America (1928)). In: Bjorge E, Miles C (eds) Landmark cases in public international law. Bloomsbury, Oxford, pp 111–132
Cassese A (2014) States: rise and decline of the primary subjects of the international community. In: Fassbender B, Peters A (eds) The history of international law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 49–70
Constitution of Finland (1999) 11 June 1999, 731/1999, amendments up to 817/2018 included, non-binding translation by the Finnish Ministry of Justice at https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/1999/en19990731.pdf
Convention relating to the Non-Fortification and Neutralisation of the Aaland Islands (1921) [Aaland Islands convention 1921]. Version of the Finnish Foreign Ministry available on the website of the United Nations at https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/FI%20SE_211020_Convention%20Relating%20to%20the%20Non-Fortification%20and%20Neutralisation%20of%20the%20Aaland%20Islands.pdf
Craven M, Parfitt R (2018) Statehood, self-determination, and recognition. In: Evans MD (ed) International law. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 177–226
Dugard J (2001) International law – a South African perspective. Juta Law, Lansdown
Fastenrath U (1993) Relative normativity in international law. Eur J Int Law 4:305–340
Fink C (1995) The league of nations and the minorities question. World Affairs 157:197–205
Hannikainen L (1994) The continued validity of the demilitarised and neutralised status of the Åland Islands. Zeitschrift ausländisches öffentliches Recht Völkerrecht 54:614–651
Hepburn E (2014) Forging autonomy in a unitary state: the Åland Islands in Finland. Comp Eur Polit 12:468–487. https://doi.org/10.1057/cep.2014.10
Hofverberg E (2020) On this day: centennial of Åland’s Autonomy Act of 1920. In Custodia Legis, 6 May 2020
International Court of Justice (2010) Accordance with international law of the unilateral declaration of independence in respect of Kosovo, Advisory Opinion of 22 July 2010, I.C.J. Reports 2010, pp. 403 et seq., https://www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/141/141-20100722-ADV-01-00-EN.pdf
Janson C (1982) The autonomy of Åland: a reflexion of international and constitutional law. Nordic J Int Law 51:15–22. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529382X00041
Kirchner S (2004) Relative normativity and the constitutional dimension of international law: a place for values in the international legal system? German Law J 5:47–64. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2071832200012244
Kirchner S (2009) The subjects of public international law in a globalized world. Baltic J Law Polit 2:83–96. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10076-009-0005-9
Kirchner S (2015a) Crimea’s declaration of independence and the subsequent annexation by Russia under international law. Gonzaga J Int Law 18:10897. https://gjil.scholasticahq.com/article/10897-crimea-s-declaration-of-independence-and-the-subsequent-annexation-by-russia-under-international-law
Kirchner S (2015b) The status of the individual in international law and the age of globalization. GRIN Verlag, Munich
Koivurova T, Ringdom H, Kleemola-Juntunen P, Kirchner S (2019) The Baltic sea and the law of the sea – finnish perspectives. Lit Verlag, Vienna
Kumbaro D (2001) The Kosovo crisis in an international law perspective: self-determination, territorial integrity and the NATO intervention. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Office of Information and Press, Brussels. https://www.nato.int/acad/fellow/99-01/kumbaro.pdf
League of Nations (1920) Report of the International Committee of Jurists entrusted by the Council of the League of Nations with the task of giving an advisory opinion upon the legal aspects of the Aaland Islands question. League Nations Official J
League of Nations (1921a) Report presented to the Council of the League of Nations by the Commission of Rapporteurs, League of Nations Council Document B7 21/68/106 (1921)
League of Nations (1921b) Minutes of the fourteenth meeting of the council, June 24th [1921], decision of the council on the league of nations on the Aland Islands including Sweden’s protest 1921. League Nations Official J, 697
Loughlin J, Daftary F (1999) Insular regions and European integration: Corsica and the Aland Islands compared, ECMI report # 5. European Centre for Minority Issues, Flensburg
Nijman JE (2014) Minorities and majorities. In: Fassbender B, Peters A (eds) The history of international law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 95–119
Padelford NJ, Andersson KGA (1939) The Aaland Islands question. Am J Int Law 33:465–487
Pariotti E (2011) Non-state actors, international law, and human rights. In: Silverburg SR (ed) International law – contemporary issues and future developments. Westview Press, Boulder, pp 95–107
Rosting H (1923) Protection of minorities by the league of nations. Am J Int Law 17:641–660
Scarpulla C (2002) The constitutional framework for the autonomy of Åland – a survey of the status of an autonomous region in the throes of European integration. Meddelanden från Ålands Högskola, Mariehamn
Shaw MN (2017) International law. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Simolin S (2018) The Aims of Åland and Finland Regarding a New Act on the Autonomy of Åland – an analysis of three parliamentary committee reports. J Auton Sec Stud 2(1):8–48
Spiliopoulou Åkermark S, et al (2019) Åland Islands. https://www.world-autonomies.info/tas/aland/Documents/Aland_2019.pdf
Supreme Court of Canada (1998) Reference re Secession of Quebec, Case number 25506, Report [1998] 2 SCR 217, Decision of 20 August 1998. https://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/1643/index.do
Tomuschat C (2006) Secession and self-determination. In: Kohen MG (ed) Secession – international law perspectives. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 23–45
Weil P (1983) Towards Relative Normativity in International Law? Am J Int 77:413–442
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Kirchner, S. (2021). Aaland Islands Case. In: Gray, K.W. (eds) Global Encyclopedia of Territorial Rights. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68846-6_658-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68846-6_658-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68846-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68846-6
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Religion and PhilosophyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Humanities