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Atopic Dermatitis

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Allergy and Asthma

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Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) or eczema is a common chronic relapsing skin disease that is often associated with other atopic conditions like allergic rhinitis and asthma. It is a major problem in developing as well as developed countries, with a pronounced increase in prevalence in recent decades. It is often the first clinical manifestation of atopy and the start of atopic march (Spergel, Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 105:99–106, 2010). The hallmark is epidermal barrier dysfunction leading to dry skin and IgE-mediated sensitization to food and environmental allergens. The pathogenesis of AD involves complex interrelationships among genetic, immunologic, environmental, and environmental factors. Recent insights into the genetic and immunologic mechanisms that drive cutaneous inflammation in AD have improved our understanding of its natural history with development of novel immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agents. Early and proactive management may improve the outcome and overall quality of life for these patients.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Atopic dermatitis

AMP:

Antimicrobial peptides

CCL17:

Chemokine ligand 17

CLA:

Cutaneous lymphocyte associated

FLG:

Filaggrin

GM-CSF:

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

HDM:

House dust mite

IFN-g:

Interferon gamma

IL-4:

Interleukin-4

IL-5:

Interleukin-5

IL-12:

Interleukin-12

IL-13:

Interleukin-13

LC:

Langerhans cell

PDE4:

Phosphodiesterase 4

SCORAD:

Scoring atopic dermatitis

TARC:

Thymus- and activation-regulated cytokine

TCI:

Topical calcineurin inhibitor

TLR:

Toll-like receptors

TSLP:

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin

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  1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA

    Neeti Bhardwaj

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  1. Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Penn State University Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA

    Timothy Craig

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    Dennis K. Ledford

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  1. Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA

    Tim Craig DO

  2. Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Massoud Mahmoudi DO, Ph.D.

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Bhardwaj, N. (2018). Atopic Dermatitis. In: Craig, T., Ledford, D. (eds) Allergy and Asthma. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58726-4_8-1

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