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Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology pp 1–3Cite as

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

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Synonyms

Adult respiratory distress syndrome; Respiratory distress syndrome

Definition

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the presence of pulmonary edema in the absence of volume overload or depressed left ventricular function and is characterized by the development of sudden breathlessness within hours to days of an inciting event. ARDS is not a specific disease; instead, it is a type of severe, acute lung dysfunction that is associated with a variety of diseases and trauma.

Historical Background

In the past, ARDS signified adult respiratory distress syndrome to separate this from infant respiratory distress syndrome seen in premature infants. However, this type of pulmonary edema can also occur in children, so ARDS has gradually evolved to mean acute rather than adult.

Current Knowledge

ARDS typically develops within 12–48 h after the inciting event, although, in rare instances, it may take up to a few days. Persons developing ARDS are critically ill, often with...

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References and Readings

  • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. (2012). The Berlin definition. Journal of the American Medical Association, 307(23), 2526–2533.

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  • Bernard, G. R., Artigas, A., Brigham, K. L., Charlet, J., Falke, K., Hudson, L., Lamy, M., Legall, J. R., Morris, A., & Spragg, R. (1994). Report of the American-European consensus conference on ARDS: Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes and clinical trial coordination. Intensive Care Medicine, 20, 225–232.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA

    Dona Locke

Authors
  1. Dona Locke
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dona Locke .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Richmond, Virgin Islands, USA

    Jeffrey Kreutzer

  2. Kessler Foundation , West Orange, New Jersey, USA

    John DeLuca

  3. Suite 200 , Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, USA

    Bruce Caplan

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Locke, D. (2017). Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. In: Kreutzer, J., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_220-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_220-2

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-56782-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-56782-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

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