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The BADS (Wilson et al. 1996) is a test battery aimed at predicting everyday difficulties that arise as a result of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (DES). It consists of six subtests and a 20-item questionnaire that tap executive functioning in an ecologically valid way. The subtests are as follows: The Rule Shift Cards Test is a measure of cognitive flexibility that consists of 21 spiral-bound cards that are used to assess the individual’s ability to respond correctly to a rule and to shift from one rule to another. It is scored based on the time taken and number of errors made. In the first part, the individual is asked to respond “Yes” to a red card and “No” to a black card. This component establishes a pattern of behavior that is geared to increase the probability of perseverative errors in the second part, when the rules are changed. In the second part, the individual is asked to respond “Yes” if the card just turned over is the same color as a previously...
Further Reading
Baba, K., Baba, H., Noguchi, I., Arai, R., Suzuki, T., & Mimura, M. (2010). Executive dysfunction in remitted late-life depression: Juntendo University mood disorder projects (JUMP). The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 22, 70–74.
Baddeley, A. D. (1986). Working memory. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Bennett, P. C., Ong, B., & Ponsford, J. (2005). Assessment of executive dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: Comparison of the BADS with other clinical neuropsychological measures. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 11, 606–613.
Canali, F., Brucki, S. M. D., Bertolucci, P. H. F., & Bueno, O. F. A. (2011). Reliability study of the behavioral assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome adapted for a Brazilian sample of older-adult controls and probable early Alzheimer’s disease patients. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 33, 338–346.
Katz, N., Tadmor, I., Felzen, B., & Hartman-Maeir, A. (2007). The behavioural assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome (BADS) in schizophrenia and its relation to functional outcomes. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 17, 192–205.
Krabbendam, L., de Vugt, M. E., Derix, M. M. A., & Jolles, J. (1999). The behavioural assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome as a tool to assess executive functions in schizophrenia. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 13, 370–375.
Nelson, H. E. (1976). A modified card sorting test sensitive to frontal lobe defects. Cortex, 12, 313–324.
Rylander, G. (1939). Personality changes after operation on the frontal lobes. Acta Psychiatrica Neurologica, (30).
Shallice, T. (1982). Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 298, 199-209.
Shallice, T., & Burgess, P. (1991). Deficits in strategy application following frontal lobe damage in man. Brain, 114, 727–741.
Verdejo-Garcia, A., & Perez-Garcia, M. (2007). Ecological assessment of executive functions in substance dependent individuals. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 90, 48–55.
Wilson, B. A., Alderman, N., Burgess, P. W., Emslie, H., & Evans, J. J. (1996). Behavioural assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome. London: Harcourt Assessment.
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Rozenblatt, S. (2017). Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome. In: Kreutzer, J., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_166-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_166-2
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