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Diet and Epigenetic Alteration of Renal Function

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics

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Abstract

Adequate nutrition is fundamental to ensure undisturbed renal development. Macro- and micronutrient deficiency as well as energy overload or high-salt intake during gestation may significantly impair nephrogenesis and induce susceptibility toward disease. In addition, there is growing evidence that nutrition during early postnatal life is an important modulator of adult blood pressure and kidney function. The exact renal phenotype strongly depends on the type of dietary influence and the window of exposure. Thus, reduced glomerular count, microvascular rarefaction, and increased fibrosis are possible morphological findings. On the functional level, blood pressure levels, urinary protein excretion, and glomerular filtration rate are subject to dietary influences. Mechanistically, dysregulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) components and other vasoactive substances, oxidative stress, altered mitochondrial energy metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammatory processes are key factors. The present chapter gives an overview on current knowledge of dietary programming of renal disease. Defining the adequate amount of macro- and micronutrients which is needed for optimal kidney development remains a challenge for the future.

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Abbreviations

ACE:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme

ACH09:

Grape skin extract with antioxidant properties

AGT:

Angiotensinogen

AT1:

Angiotensin II receptor type 1

AT2:

Angiotensin II receptor type 2

AMPK:

5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase

BiP:

ER stress marker

CD2AP:

CD2-associated protein

CHOP:

ER stress marker

CR:

Calorie restriction

eGFR:

Estimated glomerular filtration rate

ER stress:

Endoplasmic reticulum stress

GFR:

Glomerular filtration rate

HFD:

High-fat diet

IQ:

Intelligence quotient

IUGR:

Intrauterine growth restriction

KIM-1:

Kidney injury molecule-1, biomarker for renal proximal tubule injury

LCPUFAs:

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

LP:

Low protein

mTORC1:

Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1

NaCl:

Sodium chloride

NCC:

Sodium-chloride symporter

NGAL:

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, biomarker for acute kidney injury

NKCC2:

Sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter

PR:

Protein restriction

RAAS:

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

SGA:

Small for gestational age

SS-31:

Substance which protects mitochondrial cristae

TRPC6:

Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6

US:

United States

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Nephrology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

    Eva Nüsken & Kai-Dietrich Nüsken

  2. Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

    Jörg Dötsch

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  1. Eva Nüsken
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  2. Kai-Dietrich Nüsken
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Correspondence to Jörg Dötsch .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Research Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

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Nüsken, E., Nüsken, KD., Dötsch, J. (2019). Diet and Epigenetic Alteration of Renal Function. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_12

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-55529-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-55530-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

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