Abstract
The end of the Cold War over 20 years ago changed perspectives on security in the international community. State continuity as a security goal gave way to security on an individual basis – human security. Focus on human security was seen as a way to ensure security of the international community did not collapse. Human security, as a neologistic international concern created a multidisciplinary field of study that brought factors to security not appreciated during the bipolar environment of the late twentieth century. This chapter provides a broad overview of human security as it developed into an international interest that has seen programs implemented in its name in every region of the world. Human security draws strength through the empowerment of individuals to take local actions in order to mitigate fear and want in their lives. Human security, like any agenda, has its critics in both the international and academic arenas. Critics claim that human security transgresses national sovereignty as United Nations efforts can be taken in the name of the individual over that of the state. Notwithstanding this ongoing debate, human security has survived over two decades to become a powerful focus in the study of international security.
References
Acharya A (2007) Promoting human security: ethical, normative and educational frameworks in South-East Asia. UNESCO, Paris. Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001518/151821E.pdf
Brauch HG (2005) Threats, challenges, vulnerabilities and risks in environmental and human security. United Nations University, Institute for Environment and Human Security. Bonn. Retrieved from http://collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:1868/pdf4040.pdf
Burgess JP (2007) Promoting human security: ethical, normative and educational frameworks in Western Europe. UNESCO, Paris. Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001511/151144E.pdf
Carafano J, Smith J (2006) The Muddled Notion of ?Human Security? at the U.N.: A Guide for U.S. Policymakers. The Heritage Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.heritage.org/node/16563/print-display
Chourou B (2005) Promoting human security: ethical, normative and educational frameworks in the Arab states. UNESCO, Paris. Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001405/140513E.pdf
Commission of Human Security (2003) Human security now. United Nations: New York. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/humansecurity/sites/www.un.org.humansecurity/files/chs_final_report_-_english.pdf
Dorn W (2003) Human security: an overview. Paper presented for the Pearson Peacekeeping Centre. Retrieved from http://walterdorn.net/23-human-security-an-overview
Fuentes CF, Aravena FR (2005) Promoting human security: ethical, normative and educational frameworks in Latin America and the Caribbean. UNESCO, Paris. Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001389/138940e.pdf
Goucha M, Cilliers J (eds) (2001) Proceedings of the UNESCO-ISS expert meeting held in Pretoria, South Africa. Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria. Retrieved from http://www.corcas.com/Portals/Al/Photos2011/PDF-Africa.pdf
Hopkirk P (1990/1994) The great game: the struggle for empire in Central Asia. Kodansha, New York
Huish R, Spiegel J (2012) First as tragedy and then as farce: Canadian foreign aid for global health. Can Foreign Policy J 18(2):244–246. Retrieved from http://www.ghrp.ubc.ca/files/2012/05/Huish-RL-and-Spiegel-JM.-First-as-Tragedy-and-then-on-to-Farce-Canadian-Foreign-Aid-for-Global-Health.-.pdf
Human Security Unit (HSU) (2012) Human security at the United Nations. United Nations, New York. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/humansecurity/sites/www.un.org.humansecurity/files/Human%20Security%20Brochure%20-%20English.pdf
Human Security Unit (HSU) (2014) Strategic plan 2014–2017. United Nations, New York. Retrieved from https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/hsu/hsu%20strategic%20plan%202014-2017%20web%20version.pdf
Human Security Unit (HSU) (2015) Framework for cooperation for the system- wide application of human security. United Nations, New York. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/humansecurity/sites/www.un.org.humansecurity/files/final_ffc_paper_-_september_2015.pdf
Human Security Unit (HSU) (2016) Human Security Handbook: An integrated approach for the realization of sustainable development goals and the priority areas of the international community and the United Nations system. United Nations, New York. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/humansecurity/sites/www.un.org.humansecurity/files/hs_handbook_03.pdf
Human Security Unit (HSU) (2011) Designing a human security programme/project, Version 1.0. United Nations, New York. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/humansecurity/sites/www.un.org.humansecurity/files/applying_the_human_security_approach_in_programmes_and_projects.pdf
James P (2014) Human security as a left-over of military security, or as integral to the human condition. In: Bacon P, Hobson C (eds) Human security and Japan’s triple disaster. Routledge, London. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/7716521/_Human_Security_as_a_Left-Over_of_Military_Security_or_as_Integral_to_the_Human_Condition_2014_
Jolly R, Baus-Ray DB (2006) The human security framework and national human development reports: a review of experiences and current debates. United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report Office, National Human Development Report Series, NHDR occasional paper 5. United Nations Development Programme, New York. Retrieved from http://www.pogar.org/publications/other/undp/governance/Human-Security-Guidance-Note.pdf
Jolly R, Baus-Ray DB (2007) Human security – national perspectives and global agendas: insights from national human development reports. J Int Dev 19(4):457–472
Lee S (2004) Promoting human security: ethical, normative and educational frameworks in East Asia. UNESCO, Paris. Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001388/138892e.pdf
Lopes TF (2013) Human security paradigms and economic crises in the first year of the North Caucasus Federal District. Braz Polit Sci Rev 7(1):74–93. Retrieved from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bpsr/v7n1/04.pdf
Oludimu O (2014) Globalization, human security and some intervening concerns. Eur Sci J, Special Edition, pp 304–312. Retrieved from https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/download/4032/3843
Owen T (2004) Human security – conflict, critique and consensus: colloquium remarks and a proposal for a threshold-based definition. Secur Dialogue 35(3):373–387. Retrieved from http://taylorowen.com/Articles/2004_SD.pdf
Paris R (2001) Human security: paradigm shift or hot air? Int Secur 26(2):87–102. Retrieved from http://aix1.uottawa.ca/~rparis/Paris.2001.IS.Human%20Security.pdf
Sale F (1843/2009) Lady Sale’s Afghanistan: an indomitable Victorian lady’s account of the retreat from Kabul during the first afghan war. Leonaur, Driffield
Sood V (2017) The new Great Game: an all Asian game. Observer Research Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.orfonline.org/expert-speaks/new-great-game-all-asian/
Tabyshalieva A (2006) Promoting human security: ethical, normative and educational frameworks in Central Asia. UNESCO, Paris. Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001493/149376E.pdf
Tadjbakhsh S (2009) “Human security”: looking back before looking forward. Paper for the ICHSWA conference, Birjand, 26 Nov 2009. Retrieved from http://www.birjand.ac.ir/ichswa/downloads/Dr%20Tajbakhsh%27s%20Paper%20in%20ICHSWA.pdf
Tadjbakhsh S, Tomescu-Hatto O (eds) (2007) Promoting human security: ethical, normative and educational frameworks in Eastern Europe. UNESCO, Paris. Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001511/151145E.pdf
Tsai Y (2009) The emergence of human security: a constructivist view. Int J Peace Stud 14(2). Retrieved from https://www.gmu.edu/programs/icar/ijps/vol14_2/TSAI%20-%2014n2%20IJPS.pdf
United Nations Development Programme. (UNDP) (1994) Human development report 1994. Oxford University Press, New York. Retrieved from http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/255/hdr_1994_en_complete_nostats.pdf
United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) (2000) United Nations Millennium Declaration, A/RES/55/2. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/55/2
United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) (2005) 2005 World Summit Outcome, A/RES/60/1. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/womenwatch/ods/A-RES-60-1-E.pdf
United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) (2010a) Human security, A/64/701. United Nations, New York. Retrieved from http://undocs.org/A/64/701
United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) (2010b) Follow-up to paragraph 143 on human security of the 2005 World Summit Outcome, A/RES/64/291. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/64/291
United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) (2012a) Follow-up to General Assembly resolution 64/291 on human security, A/66/763. United Nations, New York. Retrieved from http://undocs.org/A/66/763
United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) (2012b) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 10 Sept 2012, A/RES/66/290. United Nations, New York. Retrieved from https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N11/476/22/PDF/N1147622.pdf?OpenElement
United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) (2013) Follow-up to General Assembly resolution 66/290 on human security, A/68/685. United Nations, New York. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/humansecurity/sites/www.un.org.humansecurity/files/n1363040.pdf
United Nations Human Security Unit (HSU) (2009) Human security in theory and practice: An overview of the Human Security Concept and the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security. United Nations, New York. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/humansecurity/sites/www.un.org.humansecurity/files/human_security_in_theory_and_practice_english.pdf
van Wyk J (2007) Promoting human security: ethical, normative and educational frameworks in Africa. UNESCO, Paris. Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001544/154406E.pdf
Wilson RN (2006) Securing the human: a critique of human security and the responsibility to protect. Master of Arts Thesis, University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://dspace.library.uvic.ca/bitstream/handle/1828/1079/R%20Wilson%20-%20MA%20Thesis%20-%20Securing%20the%20Human.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
Flores, Y.“. (2018). Human Security. In: Masys, A. (eds) Handbook of Security Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51761-2_45-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51761-2_45-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-51761-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-51761-2
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Physics and AstronomyReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics