Skip to main content

A Horse of a Different Color? Reexamining International Students at Community Colleges in the USA and Canada

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Springer International Handbooks of Education ((SIHE))

Abstract

International students have become a growth area in community colleges in the USA and Canada. Broadly, this has been viewed as a microcosm of changes seen at all levels of higher education related to globalization. However, there are reasons to suggest that this phenomenon deserves greater attention. Community colleges occupy a distinct role in higher education systems, and their international students can also be viewed this way, as somewhat of a “horse of a different color” from their counterparts in universities. To be sure, international student mobility shares commonalities across tertiary providers, but the aim of this chapter is to highlight ways that the community college context generates unique conditions for international students worthy of further research. This is undertaken in this chapter by focusing on three lines of inquiry, pertaining to international students’ backgrounds, their academic and social experiences, and their pathways through and beyond these institutions. Throughout, examples are drawn from existing research in both the Canadian and American contexts, with some reference to informational interviews conducted with college personnel working in the two countries. Although further research might focus on articulating cross-national differences between these contexts in greater depth, the aim of this chapter is to draw attention to the transnational dimensions of this phenomenon. Paying more attention to international students in community colleges may not just improve these students’ experiences, but also shed more light on the course of internationalization as it has advanced in different tiers of higher education.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   449.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anayah, Bernadette, and Linda Kuk. 2015. The growth of international student enrollment at Community Colleges and implications. Community College Journal of Research and Practice 39 (12): 1099–1110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andrade, Maureen Snow. 2009. The effects of English language proficiency on adjustment to university life. International Multilingual Research Journal 3 (1): 16–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, David. 2014. The schooled society: The educational transformation of global culture. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandi, Clara, and Max Büge. 2014. A cartography of the new middle classes in developing and emerging countries. Bonn: Deutsches Institut für Entwicklunspolitik.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brint, Steven G., and Jerome Karabel. 1989. The diverted dream: Community Colleges and the promise of educational opportunity in America, 1900–1985. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Budd, Deborah, Andreea Serban, Dianne G. Van Hook, and Rosalind Latiner Raby. 2016. Addressing myths about international students. In International education at community colleges: Themes, practices, and case studies, ed. R.L. Raby and E.J. Valeau, 215–222. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Calder, Moira J., Solina Richter, Yuping Mao, Katharina Kovacs Burns, Ramadimetja S. Mogale, and Margaret Danko. 2016. International students attending Canadian universities: Their experiences with housing, finances, and other issues. Canadian Journal of Higher Education 46 (2): 92–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, Heather, Michael G. Strawser, and Stephen George. 2016. Communication education and international audiences: Reflections on instructional challenges and pedagogical strategy. Journal of International Students 6 (2): 632–643.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canadian Bureau for International Education. 2014. A world of learning: Canada’s performance and potential in international education. Ottawa: CBIE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, Scott, and Floyd M. Hammack. 2005. The channeling of student competition in higher education: Comparing Canada and the U.S. Journal of Higher Education 76 (1): 89–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deil-Amen, Regina. 2011. Socio-academic integrative moments: Rethinking academic and social integration among two-year college students in career-related programs. Journal of Higher Education 82 (1): 54–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deil-Amen, Regina. 2015. The “traditional” college student: A smaller and smaller minority and its implications for diversity and access institutions. In Remaking college: The changing ecology of higher education, ed. Michael W. Kirst and Mitchell L. Stevens, 134–165. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farrugia, Christine A., Rajika Bhandari, and Patricia Chow. 2012. Open doors: Report on international educational exchange. New York: Institute of International Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeland, Chrystia. 2012. Plutocrats: The rise of the new global super-rich and the fall of everyone else. New York: Penguin Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galletta, Anne. 2013. Mastering the semi-structured interview and beyond: From research design to analysis and publication. New York: New York University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Garson, Kyra. 2012. Ethical considerations for internationalization: Perspectives from global citizenship education. Ottawa: Canadian Bureau for International Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldrick-Rab, Sara. 2006. Following their every move: An investigation of social-class differences in college pathways. Sociology of Education 79: 67–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hagedorn, Linda Serra, and Yi (Leaf) Zhang. 2013. International students in U.S. Community Colleges: Status, opportunities, and future. In 21st century business management: Understanding community colleges, ed. Levin, 53–67. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, Jiayi, and Linda Serra Hagedorn. 2013. Earning American college credits in China: New model of transfer college credit programs. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education 2 (1): 4–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Igarashi, Hiroki, and Hiro Saito. 2014. Cosmopolitanism as cultural capital: Exploring the intersection of globalization, education and stratification. Cultural Sociology 8 (3): 222–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Institute of International Education. 2015. Open doors data: Special reports: Community college data resource. Available from http://www.iie.org/Research-and-Publications/Open-Doors/Data/Community-College-Data-Resource/International-Students/International-Students-Total-2014-15.

  • Lee, Jenny J., and Charles Rice. 2007. Welcome to America? International student perceptions of discrimination. Higher Education 53 (3): 381–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, John S. 2005. The business culture of the Community college: Students as consumers; students as commodities. New Directions in Higher Education 2005 (129): 11–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mamiseishvili, Ketevan. 2012. Academic and social integration and persistence of international students at U.S. two-year institutions. Community College Journal of Research and Practice 36: 15–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manns, Derrick. 2014. Redefining the role, scope, and mission of Community Colleges in an international context. Community College Journal of Research and Practice 38 (8): 705–709.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, Sharon A. 2015. Ensuring social success: Assessing the factors that affect the social experiences of international students at a large, urban Community college in Texas. Capstone Collection 2747: 1–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Misra, Ranjita, and Linda G. Castillo. 2004. Academic stress among college students: Comparison of American and international students. International Journal of Stress Management 2011 (2): 132–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mori, Sakurako (Chako). 2000. Addressing the mental health concerns of international students. Journal of Counseling and Development 78: 137–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nathan, Rebekah. 2005. My freshman year: What a professor learned by becoming a student. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD. 2008. Education at a glance 2008: OECD indicators. Toronto: Council of Ministers of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, Yolanda Michelle. 2016. Student to scholar: Learning experiences of international students. Journal of International Students 6 (1): 216–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pascarella, Ernest T., and Patrick T. Terenzini. 2005. How college affects students: A third decade of research. Vol. 2. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Redden, Elizabeth. 2014. Northern exposure: Country steps up its recruitment of international students with a goal of attracting more skilled immigrants. Inside Higher Ed. Available from: https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2014/09/23/canada-push-international-students-and-immigrants.

  • Robertson, Jennifer J. 2015. Student interest in international education as the Community college. Community College Journal of Research and Practice 39 (5): 473–484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schudde, Lauren, and Sara Goldrick-Rab. 2015. On second changes and stratification: How sociologists think about Community Colleges. Community College Review 43 (1): 27–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skinkle, Rod, and Sheila Embleton. 2014. Comparing international student and institutional objectives at Canadian Colleges and universities: Implications for institutional strategy. Higher Education Management and Policy 24 (3): 37–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, Rachel A., and Nigar G. Khawaja. 2011. A review of the acculturation experiences of international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 35: 699–713.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, Sharon, and Vanessa de Oliveira Andreotti. 2016. Cash, competition or charity: International students and the global imaginary. Higher Education 72 (2): 225–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, Mitchell L. 2015. The changing ecology of U.S. higher education. In Remaking college: The changing ecology of higher education, ed. Michael W. Kirst and Mitchell L. Stevens, 1–15. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Streitwieser, Bernhard, ed. 2014. Internationalisation of higher education and global mobility. Oxford, UK: Symposium Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Conference Board of Canada. 2016. College completion 2016 (cited 29 Sep 2016). Available from http://www.conferenceboard.ca/hcp/details/education/college-completion.aspx.

  • Waters, Johanna L. 2006. Geographies of cultural capital: Education, international migration and family strategies between Hong Kong and Canada. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 31 (2): 179–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wedding, Danny, James L. McCartney, and David E. Curry. 2009. Lessons relevant to psychologists who serve as mentors for international students. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 40 (2): 189–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, Christina T., and Laura R. Johnson. 2011. Why can’t we be friends?: Multicultural attitudes and friendships with international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 35: 41–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jonathan Z. Friedman .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Friedman, J.Z. (2018). A Horse of a Different Color? Reexamining International Students at Community Colleges in the USA and Canada. In: Latiner Raby, R., Valeau, E. (eds) Handbook of Comparative Studies on Community Colleges and Global Counterparts. Springer International Handbooks of Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50911-2_20

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics