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Viola arvensis L. Viola odorata L. Violaceae

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Ethnobotany of the Caucasus

Part of the book series: European Ethnobotany ((EUROETH))

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Local Names

Azerbaijan: Ətirli bənövşə; Georgia: Viola arvensis L.: – p’at’ardzala, Viola sp.: – ia, – ia-ia (Tushetian); English: Fragrant violet

Botany and Ecology

Perennial, rarely annual, herb. The leaves are alternate or in a basal rosette, with mostly persistent stipules. Flowers solitary in leaf axils (in our species), zygomorphic, peduncle usually with 2 bracts and curved at summit. The sepals are somewhat unequal or subequal, with more or less pronounced reflexed appendages at base. The petals are unequal; the lower one is mostly larger than the others, spurred or gibbous at base, others unguiculate. The stamens are hypogynous, with short, broad, distinct filaments. The anthers are distinct or slightly united, connectives produced at the summit into a triangular coriaceous appendage. Each of the two anthers furnished with a spur-like basal nectary projecting into spur of petal. The ovary 3-carpallate; with 3 placentas bearing numerous ovules. The style is elongated, mostly...

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References

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan

    Naiba P. Mehdiyeva & Valida M. Alizade

  2. Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Botanikuri St. 1, 0105, Tbilisi, Georgia

    Ketevan Batsatsashvili, Manana Khutsishvili, Inesa Maisaia, Shalva Sikharulidze & David Tchelidze

  3. 4-D Research Institute, Ilia State University, 5, Cholokasvili Ave, 0162, Tbilisi, Georgia

    Zaal Kikvidze

  4. Instituto de EcologĂ­a-UMSA, Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Campus Universitario, Cota Cota Calle, 27, La Paz, Bolivia

    Narel Y. Paniagua Zambrana

  5. William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166–0299, USA

    Rainer W. Bussmann

Authors
  1. Naiba P. Mehdiyeva
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  2. Valida M. Alizade
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  3. Ketevan Batsatsashvili
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  4. Zaal Kikvidze
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  5. Manana Khutsishvili
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  6. Inesa Maisaia
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  7. Shalva Sikharulidze
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  8. David Tchelidze
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  9. Narel Y. Paniagua Zambrana
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  10. Rainer W. Bussmann
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rainer W. Bussmann .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

    Rainer W. Bussmann

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Mehdiyeva, N.P. et al. (2017). Viola arvensis L. Viola odorata L. Violaceae . In: Bussmann, R. (eds) Ethnobotany of the Caucasus. European Ethnobotany. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49412-8_109

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