Definition and History
Aquaculture can be most simply defined as underwater agriculture. It is the rearing of aquatic plants and animals through some type of intervention by humans. Aquaculture is conducted in freshwater and saltwater. The term mariculture is often used in relation to marine aquaculture. Aquaculture involves plants and animals produced for human food, as ornamentals, for bait, and in recent years, as sources of nutritional supplements and pharmaceuticals. Some plants and animals are also grown as foods for other aquaculture species. For example, shrimp hatcheries typically grow one or more species of algae to feed brine shrimp (Artemia salina), which are fed upon by larval shrimp.
While there is some production of rooted aquatic plants,echinoderms (e.g., sea cucumbers), tunicates (e.g., sea squirts), amphibians (frogs), and reptiles (turtles and alligators), the majority of the world’s aquaculture production comes from seaweeds, molluscs (e.g., abalone, clams, oysters,...
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Stickney, R.R. (2018). Aquaculture. In: Finkl, C., Makowski, C. (eds) Encyclopedia of Coastal Science . Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48657-4_9-2
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