Definitions
Artiodactyla are a taxonomic order of mammalian ungulate species that exhibit an even number of functional toes on each foot. Life history, synonymous with life cycle, is a characterization of the strategies and/or changes that an organism undertakes pertaining to survival and reproduction over the course of its life.
Introduction
Life history reflects patterns, or strategies, typical of a species that will maximize individual fitness and population persistence over time. The physiological and behavioral evolution of animals as a response to their environment is a significant driver of a species’ life history. Understanding a species’ life history is key to understanding how an organism interacts with its environment, as well as developing management strategies tailored to a species’ needs, and assessing drivers of change in behavior or physiology.
The Artiodactyl...
References
Biondo, C., Izar, P., Miyaki, C. Y., & Bussab, V. S. R. (2014). Social structure of collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu): Does relatedness matter? Behavioural Processes, 109, 70–78.
Blowers, T. E., Waterman, J. M., Kuhar, C. W., & Bettinger, T. L. (2010). Social behaviors within a group of captive female Hippopotamus amphibius. Journal of Ethology, 28(2), 287–294.
Dwyer, C. M. (2013). Maternal behaviour and lamb survival: From neuroendocrinology to practical application [Abstract]. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved Sept 2018.
Gebreyohanes, M. G., & Assen, A. M. (2017). Adaptation mechanisms of camels (Camelus dromedarius) for desert environment: A review. Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology, 8(6). https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7579.1000486.
Geist, V. (1981). On the reproductive strategies in ungulates and some problems of adaptation. In G. G. E. Scudder & J. L. Reveal (Eds.), Evolution today. Proceedings of the 2nd international congress of systematic and evolutionary biology (pp. 111–132). Vancouver: University of British Columbia.
Gosling, L. M. (1991). The alternative mating strategies of male topi, Damaliscus lunatus. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 29, 107–119.
Hester, A. J., Gordon, I. J., Baillie, G. J., & Tappin, E. (2001). Foraging behaviour of sheep and red deer within natural heather/grass mosaics. Journal of Applied Ecology, 36(1), 133–146. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.1999.00387.x.
Janis, C. M., Theodor, J. M., & Boisvert, B. (2001). Locomotor evolution in camels revisited: A quantitative analysis of pedal anatomy and the acquisition of the pacing gait. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 22(1), 110–121. https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0110:LEICRA]2.0.CO;2.
Köhler, M., & Moyá-Solá, S. (2009). Physiological and life history strategies of a fossil large mammal in a resource-limited environment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(48), 20354–20358. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0813385106.
Lusseau, D. (2003). The emergence of cetaceans: Phylogenetic analysis of male social behaviour supports the Cetartiodactyla clade. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 16(3), 531–535. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00541.x.
Mainguy, J., Cote, S. D., Festa-Bianchet, M., & Coldman, D. W. (2009). Father-offspring phenotypic correlations suggest intralocus sexual conflict for a fitness-linked trait in a wild sexually dimorphic mammal. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 276(1675), 4067–4075.
Morano, S., Stewart, K. M., Sedinger, J. S., Nicolai, C. A., & Vavra, M. (2013). Life-history strategies of North American elk: Trade-offs associated with reproduction and survival. Journal of Mammalogy, 94(1), 162–172. https://doi.org/10.1644/12-MAMM-A-074.1.
Nakanishi, Y., Mutoh, Y., & Umetsu, R. (1992). Social relationship and spatial distribution in a small herd of Japanese black cattle in a dry-lot. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 5(1), 183–188.
Reyana-Hurtado, R., Chapman, C. A., & Pedersen, E. J. (2012). Searching in heterogeneous and limiting environments: Foraging strategies of white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari). Journal Mammalogy, 93(1), 124–133. https://doi.org/10.1644/10-MAMM-A-384.1.
Saether, B., & Gordon, I. J. (1994). The adaptive significance of reproductive strategies in ungulates. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 256, 263–268.
Shimamura, M., Yasue, H., Ohshima, K., Abe, H., Kato, H., Kishiro, T., Goto, M., Munechika, I., & Okada, N. (1997). Molecular evidence from retroposons that whales form a clade within even-toed ungulates. Nature, 388(6643), 666–670. https://doi.org/10.1038/41759.
Skok, J., Prevolnik, M., Urek, T., Mesarec, N., & Skorjanc, D. (2014). Behavioural patterns established during suckling reappear when piglets are forced to form a new dominance hierarchy. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 161, 42–50.
Vanpe, C., Gaillard, J., Kjellander, P., Liberg, O., Delorme, D., & Hewison, A. J. M. (2010). Assessing the intensity of sexual selection on male body mass and antler length in roe deer Capreolus capreolus: Is bigger better in a weakly dimorphic species? Oikos, 119(9), 1484–1492.
Williams, E. M. (2016). Giraffe stature and neck elongation: Vigilance as an evolutionary mechanism. Biology, 5, 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology5030035.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Alexander, M., Evans, K.O. (2019). Artiodactyla Life History. In: Vonk, J., Shackelford, T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_832-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_832-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-47829-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-47829-6
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences