Abstract
The sol-gel technology provides a highly versatile route to metal oxide materials. It now belongs to the toolbox of many academic and industrial researchers. It is based on a polymerization process that starts from ions or molecules and ends with gels, powders, thin films, and ceramics, among others. It is compatible with the formation of hybrid materials where organic and biological species are intimately associated with an inorganic backbone. However, a deep understanding of the underlying chemical and processing parameters is required to fully control the structure and properties of the final materials.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abramoff B, Klein LC (1991) Mechanical properties of silica xerogels. J Am Ceram Soc 74:1469–1471
Adachi T, Sakka S (1988) The role of N,N-dimethylformamide, a DCCA, in the formation of silica gel monoliths by sol-gel method. J Non-Cryst Solids 99:118–128
Alifanti M, Baps B, Blangenois N, Naud J, Grange P, Delmon B (2003) Characterization of CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides. Comparison of the citrate and Sol-Gel preparation methods. Chem Mater 15:395–403
Asgari S, Bagheri H, Es-haghi A (2018) Imprinted silica nanofiber formation via sol–gel-electrospinning for selective micro solid phase extraction. New J Chem 42:13864–13872
Avnir D, Coradin T, Lev O, Livage J (2006) Recent bio-applications of sol-gel materials. J Mater Chem 16:1013–1030
Barczak M (2018) Template removal from mesoporous silicas using different methods as a tool for adjusting their properties. New J Chem 42:4181–4191
Ben Ahmed M, Masse S, Laurent G, Piquemal JY, Yéprémian C, Brayner R, Coradin T (2018) Optical microalgal biosensors for aqueous contaminants using organically doped silica as cellular hosts. Anal Bioanal Chem 410:1205–1216
Blondeau M, Coradin T (2012) Living materials from sol–gel chemistry: current challenges and perspectives. J Mater Chem 22:22335–22343
Brinker CJ, Scherer GW (1990) Sol-gel science: the physics and chemistry of sol-gel processing. Academic Press, Boston
Brinker CJ, Hurd AJ, Schunk PR et al (1992) Review of sol-gel thin film formation. J Non-Cryst Solids 147–148:424–436
Calvo A, Joselevich M, Soler-Illia GJAA et al (2009) Chemical reactivity of amino-functionalized mesoporous silica thin films obtained by co-condensation and post-grafting routes. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 121:67–72
Cano-Casanova L, Amoros-Perez A, Lillo-Rodenas MA et al (2018) Effect of the preparation method (sol-gel or hydrothermal) and conditions on the TiO2 properties and activity for propene oxidation. Materials 11:2227
Cansell F, Aymonier C, Loppinet-Serani A (2003) Review on materials science and supercritical fluids. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci 7:331–340
Ciriminna R, Fidalgo A, Pandarus V et al (2013) The sol-gel route to advanced silica-based materials and recent applications. Chem Rev 113:6592–6620
Coradin T, Lopez PJ (2003) Biogenic silica patterning: simple chemistry or subtle biology? ChemBioChem 4:251–259
Coradin T, Durupthy O, Livage J (2002) Interactions of amino-containing peptides with sodium silicate and colloidal silica: a biomimetic approach of Silicification. Langmuir 18:2331–2336
Danks AE, Hall SR, Schnepp Z (2016) The evolution of ‘sol-gel’ chemistry as a technique for materials synthesis. Mater Horiz 3:91–112
Debecker DP, Hulea C, Mutin PH (2013) Mesoporous mixed oxide catalysts via non-hydrolytic sol–gel: a review. Appl Catal A 451:192–206
Depagne C, Roux C, Coradin T (2011) How to design cell-based biosensors using the sol–gel process. Anal Bioanal Chem 400:965–976
Destino JF, Dudukovic NA, Johnson MA et al (2018) 3D printed optical quality silica and silica-titania glasses from sol-gel feedstocks. Adv Mater Technol 3:1700323
Mann S, Burkett SL, Davis SA et al (1997) Sol–gel synthesis of organized matter. Chem Mater 9:2300–2310
Ehrlich H, Demadis KD, Pokrosky OS et al (2010) Modern views on desilicification: biosilica and abiotic silica dissolution in natural and artificial environments. Chem Rev 110:4656–4689
Faustini M, Nicole L, Ruiz-Hitzky E et al (2018) History of organic-inorganic hybrid materials: prehistory, art, science, and advanced applications. Adv Funct Mater 28:1704158
Garay JE (2010) Current-activated, pressure-assisted densification of materials. Annu Rev Mater Sci 40:445–468
Gawel B, Gawel K, Oye G (2010) Sol-gel synthesis of non-silica monolithic materials. Materials 3:2815–2833
Harris FW (1981) Introduction to polymer chemistry. J Chem Educ 58:837–843
Hench LL, West JK (1990) The sol-gel process. Chem Rev 90:33–72
Iler RK (1979) The chemistry of silica. John Wiley, New York
Jolivet JP (2000) Metal oxide chemistry and synthesis. Wiley, New York
Jones JR (2013) Review of bioactive glass: from Hench to hybrids. Acta Biomater 9:4457–4486
Kickelbick G (ed) (2007) Hybrid materials: synthesis, characterization, and applications. Weinheim, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH
Kolb D, Kolb KE (1979) The chemistry of glass. J Chem Educ 56:604–608
Levy D, Zayat M (eds) (2015) The sol-gel handbook. Weinheim, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH
Livage J, Henry M, Sanchez C (1988) Sol-gel chemistry of transition metal oxides. Prog Solid St Chem 18:259–341
Loy DA, Baugher BM, Baugher CR et al (2000) Substituent effects on the sol-gel chemistry of Organotrialkoxysilanes. Chem Mater 12:3624–3632
Marycz K, Krzak J, Urbanski W et al (2014) In vitro and in vivo evaluation of sol-gel derived TiO2 coatings based on a variety of precursors and synthesis conditions. J Nanomater 2014:350579
Papirer E (ed) (2000) Adsorption on silica surfaces. Marcel Dekker, New York
Park SS, Mackenzie JD (1995) Sol-gel-derived tin oxide thin films. Thin Solid Films 258:268–273
Partlow DP, Gurkovich SR, Radford KC et al (1991) Switchable vanadium oxide films by a sol-gel process. J Appl Phys 70:443–452
Patarin J, Lebeau B, Zana R (2002) Recent advances in the formation mechanisms of organized mesoporous materials. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 7:107–115
Pierre AC (ed) (1998) Introduction to sol-gel processing. Springer, New York
Ponthieu E, Payen E, Pajonk GM et al (1997) Comparison of drying procedures for the preparation of alumina powders with the system Al-Alkoxide/tertiary Butanol/water. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 8:201–206
Reetz MT, Zonta A, Simpelkamp J (1996) Efficient immobilization of lipases by entrapment in hydrophobic sol-gel materials. Biotechnol Bioeng 49:527–534
Sakka S (ed) (2005) Handbook of sol-gel science. Springer Science+Business Media, New York
Sarawade PB, Kim JK, Hilonga A et al (2011) Synthesis of hydrophilic and hydrophobic xerogels with superior properties using sodium silicate. Microp Mesop Mater 139:138–147
Shea KJ, Loy DA (2001) Bridged polysilsesquioxanes. Molecular-engineered hybrid organic-inorganic materials. Chem Mater 13:3306–3319
Shimizu T, Kanamori K, Maeno A et al (2016) Transparent, highly insulating polyethyl- and polyvinylsilsesquioxane aerogels: mechanical improvements by vulcanization for ambient pressure drying. Chem Mater 28:6860–6868
Silverman BM, Wieghaus KA, Schwartz J (2005) Comparative properties of Siloxane vs phosphonate monolayers on a Kay titanium alloy. Langmuir 21:225–228
Soler-Illia GJAA, Azzaroni O (2011) Multifunctional hybrids by combining ordered mesoporous materials and macromolecular building blocks. Chem Soc Rev 40:1107–1150
Spitz RN, Barton JE, Barteau MA et al (1986) Characterization of the surface acid-base properties of metal oxides by titration/displacement reactions. J Phys Chem 90:4067–4075
Turova NY, Turevskaya EP, Kessler VG et al (2002) The chemistry of metal alkoxides. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
Vioux A (1997) Nonhydrolytic sol-gel routes to oxides. Chem Mater 9:2292–2299
Wei Y, Jin D, Brennan DJ et al (1998a) Atomic force microscopy study of organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Chem Mater 10:769–772
Wei Y, Jin D, Yang C et al (1998b) Organic-inorganic hybrid materials: relations of thermal and mechanical properties with structures. Mater Sci Eng C 6:91–98
Yang Y, Li LH, Li Y et al (2017) Hierarchically porous materials: synthesis strategies and structure design. Chem Soc Rev 45:481–558
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Coradin, T. (2020). Sol-Gel Process, Structure, and Properties. In: Thouand, G. (eds) Handbook of Cell Biosensors. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47405-2_141-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47405-2_141-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-47405-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-47405-2
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Chemistry and Mat. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics