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Type III Polyketide Synthases Responsible for Phenolic Lipid Synthesis

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Biogenesis of Fatty Acids, Lipids and Membranes

Part of the book series: Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology ((HHLM))

Abstract

In various microorganisms, phenolic lipids, consisting of a polar aromatic ring and a hydrophobic alkyl chain, are synthesized by type III polyketide synthases (PKSs). In Azotobacter vinelandii, two type III PKSs, ArsB and ArsC, are responsible for the biosynthesis of alkylresorcinols and alkylpyrones, respectively, which are the major lipids in the cyst membrane. In Streptomyces griseus, SrsA is involved in synthesizing alkylquinones, which confer resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. In Mycobacterium smegmatis, PKS10 is involved in the biosynthesis of alkylquinones, which are proposed to act as electron-shuttling molecules. The phenolic lipid-producing type III PKSs are distributed in a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, some fungi, and plants. Thus, phenolic lipids produced by type III PKSs play important, but so far overlooked, roles as minor components in biological membranes and, more importantly, as mobile electron carriers in the respiratory electron transport chain in some bacteria.

The authors thank the late Prof. Sueharu Horinouchi, who was a coauthor of this chapter in the first edition of this book.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan

    Akimasa Miyanaga

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan

    Yasuo Ohnishi

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  1. Akimasa Miyanaga
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  2. Yasuo Ohnishi
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Correspondence to Akimasa Miyanaga .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Ciencias Genomicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Centro de Ciencias Genomicas, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

    Otto Geiger

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Miyanaga, A., Ohnishi, Y. (2017). Type III Polyketide Synthases Responsible for Phenolic Lipid Synthesis. In: Geiger, O. (eds) Biogenesis of Fatty Acids, Lipids and Membranes. Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43676-0_28-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43676-0_28-2

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-43676-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-43676-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

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Chapter history

  1. Latest

    Type III Polyketide Synthases Responsible for Phenolic Lipid Synthesis
    Published:
    27 January 2017

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43676-0_28-2

  2. Original

    Type III Polyketide Synthases Responsible for Phenolic Lipid Synthesis
    Published:
    17 December 2016

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43676-0_28-1

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