Synonyms
Acquired diaphragmatic hernia; Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Definition
A hernia is a protrusion of the abdominal cavity beyond its fascial or muscular walls through fascial or muscular openings or defects. Diaphragmatic hernias (DH) include acquired hernias through the esophageal hiatus and hernias through post-traumatic or congenital (such as the foramina of Bochdalek or Morgagni) defects in the diaphragm. The majority of DH are sliding hernias of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus.
Congenital and post-traumatic DH will be reviewed here. Hiatal hernias are discussed elsewhere (see entry on “Diaphragmatic Hernia”).
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a developmental defect in the diaphragm that allows abdominal viscera to herniate into the chest, thereby interfering with normal lung development.
The ventral part of the diaphragm is derived from the septum transversum, which in the early embryo separates the heart from the...
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References and Further Reading
Blitz, M., & Louie, B. E. (2009). Chronic traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. Thoracic Surgery Clinics, 19, 491–500.
Gaxiola, A., Varon, J., & Valladolid, G. (2009). Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: An overview of the etiology and current management. Acta Paediatrica, 98, 621–627.
Hanna, W. C., & Ferri, L. E. (2009). Acute traumatic diaphragmatic injury. Thoracic Surgery Clinics, 19, 485–489.
Tovar, J. A. (2012). Congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 7, 1.
Waag, K. L., Loff, S., Zahn, K., et al. (2008). Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A modern day approach. Seminars in Pediatric Surgery, 17, 244–254.
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Serrano, M., Mão de Ferro, S. (2017). Diaphragmatic Hernia. In: Carneiro, F., Chaves, P., Ensari, A. (eds) Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40560-5_1633
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40560-5_1633
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