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Handbook of Famine, Starvation, and Nutrient Deprivation pp 1–20Cite as

Malnutrition in Older Adults in the United States

Abstract

The scientific literature clearly establishes the relationship between good nutrition and healthy aging. Unfortunately though, a large number of older Americans are at risk for poor nutrition not only because of the aging process but because of poverty, rurality, and/or lack of access to good quality food. Poor nutrition can easily translate into malnutrition, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among older Americans. Malnutrition is not an inevitable side effect of aging, it can be prevented or at least managed. Medical conditions and lifestyle, social and psychological factors all play a role in increasing one’s risk for malnutrition. Prevention of or treatment for malnutrition must be improved to reverse its deleterious effects among older Americans. Despite the availability of evidence that demonstrates the benefits of good nutrition for healing and recovery, there is no consensus for implementing optimal nutrition care with gaps associated with nutrition screening, assessment, intervention, monitoring, and overall care for malnourished and at-risk hospitalized older adults. Moreover, the US government spends $51.3 billion each year to prevent malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults. In 1965, the US Congress passed the Older Americans Act (OAA), which aims to provide support (including nutrition) services for older Americans. Title III of the OAA (of the seven titles) specifically addresses the delivery of nutrition services, including nutrition education, to older adults. To date, few evidence-based nutrition education programs target this population making it clear that thoroughly tested curricula are needed, especially programs tailored to the culture and context of the older adult and their environment.

Keywords

  • Older adults
  • Malnutrition
  • Nutrition screening
  • Nutrition education
  • Lifestyle factors
  • Social factors
  • Medical conditions
  • Nutrition education
  • Poverty
  • Rurality

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Fig. 1

Abbreviations

AAA:

Area Agency on Aging

AARP:

American Association of Retired Persons

AoA:

Administration on Aging

eCOMS:

Electronic clinical quality measures

ENP:

Elderly Nutrition Program

MNA:

Mini nutritional assessment

MNA-SF:

Mini nutritional assessment, short form

OAA:

Older Americans Act

SNAP:

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

SPM:

Supplemental poverty measure

US:

United States

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA

    Angela M. Fraser

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  1. Angela M. Fraser
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Correspondence to Angela M. Fraser .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Diabetes & Nutritional Sci Div Sch, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor Preedy

  2. Clinical Biochemistry, University of Westminster, Westminster, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

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© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

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Fraser, A.M. (2018). Malnutrition in Older Adults in the United States. In: Preedy, V., Patel, V. (eds) Handbook of Famine, Starvation, and Nutrient Deprivation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40007-5_87-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40007-5_87-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-40007-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-40007-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine