This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alibo DS, Nozaki Y (1999) Rare earth elements in seawater: particle association, shale-normalization, and Ce oxidation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63:363–372
Bau M (1991) Rare-earth element mobility during hydrothermal and metamorphic fluid-rock interaction and the significance of the oxidation state of europium. Chem Geol 93:219–230
Casali N, Nagorny SS, Orio F, Pattavina L, Beeman JW, Bellini F, Cardani L, Dafinei I, Domizio SD, Vacri MLD, Gironi L, Kosmyna MB, Nazarenko BP, Nisi S, Pessina G, Piperno G, Pirro S, Rusconi C, Shekhovtsov AN, Tomei C, Vignati M (2014) Discovery of the151 Eu α-decay. J Phys G Nucl Part Phys 41(7):075101. https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/41/7/075101
Goldschmidt VM (1930) Geochemische Verteilungsgesetze und kosmische Häufigkeiten der Elemente. Naturwissenschaften 18(47–49):999–1013
Goldstein SL, Hemming SR (2014) Long-lived isotopic tracers in oceanography, paleoceanography, and ice-sheet dynamics. In: Holland HD, Turekian KK (eds) Treatise on geochemistry, vol 8, 2nd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam/Oxford/Waltham, pp 453–483
Greenwood NN, Earshaw A (1997) Chemistry of the elements. Pergamon Press, Oxford
Haas JR, Shock EL, Sassani DC (1995) Rare earth elements in hydrothermal systems: estimates of standard partial molal thermodynamic properties of aqueous complexes of the rare earth elements at high pressures and temperatures. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:4329–4350
Haynes WM (2016) Handbook of chemistry and physics. CRC Press, New York
Klinkhammer GP, Elderfield H, Edmond JM, Mitra A (1994) Geochemical implications of rare earth element patterns in hydrothermal fluids from mid-ocean ridges. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 58:5105–5113
Li Y-H (1982) A brief discussion on the mean oceanic residence time of elements. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 46:2671–2675
Lodders K (2003) Solar system abundances and condensation temperatures of the elements. Astrophys J 591:1220–1247
Moynier F, Bouvier A, Blichert-Toft J, Telouk P, Gasperini D, Albarède F (2006) Europium isotopic variations in Allende CAIs and the nature of mass-dependent fractionation in the solar nebula. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 70(16):4287–4294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1371
Olivarez AM, Owen RM (1991) The europium anomaly of seawater: implications for fluvial versus hydrothermal REE inputs to the oceans. Chem Geol 92:317–328
Pack A, Shelley JMG, Palme H (2004) Chondrules with peculiar REE patterns: implications for solar nebular condensation at high C/O. Science 303:997–1000
Palme H, O’Neill HSC (2014) Cosmochemical estimates of mantle composition. In: Holland HD, Turekian KK (eds) Treatise on geochemistry, vol 3, 2nd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam/Oxford/Waltham, pp 1–39
Palme H, Lodders K, Jones A (2014) Solar system abundances of the elements. In: Holland HD, Turekian KK (eds) Treatise on geochemistry, vol 2, 2nd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam/Oxford/Waltham, pp 15–36
Piper DZ, Bau M (2013) Normalized rare earth elements in water, sediments, and wine: identifying sources and environmental redox conditions. Am J Anal Chem 04(10):69–83. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2013.410A1009
Rudnick RL, Gao S (2014) Composition of the continental crust. In: Holland HD, Turekian KK (eds) Treatise on geochemistry, vol 4, 2nd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam/Oxford/Waltham, pp 1–51
Taylor SR, McLennan SM (2010) Planetary crusts – their composition, origin and evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Willbold M, Stracke A (2010) Formation of enriched mantle components by recycling of upper and lower continental crust. Chem Geol 276:188–197
Wu C (2008) Bayan Obo Controversy: carbonatites versus Iron Oxide-Cu-Au-(REE-U). Resour Geol 58(4):348–354. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2008.00069.x
Zheng X-Y, Yang J, Henderson GM (2015) A Robust procedure for high-precision determination of rare earth element concentrations in seawater. Geostand Geoanal Res 39(3):277–292. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2014.00307.x
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
Willbold, M. (2018). Europium. In: White, W.M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Geochemistry. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39312-4_99
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39312-4_99
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-39311-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-39312-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences