Skip to main content

Lanthanide Rare Earths

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Geochemistry

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series ((EESS))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Allègre CJ (2008) Isotope geology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 512pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Bau M, Koschinsky A (2009) Oxidative scavenging of cerium on hydrous Fe oxide: evidence from the distribution of rare earth elements and yttrium between Fe oxides and Mn oxides in hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts. Geochem J 43:37–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Byrne RH (2002) Inorganic speciation of dissolved elements in seawater: the influence of pH on concentration ratios. Geochem Trans 3(2):11–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castor SB, Hedrick JB (2006) Rare earth elements. In: Kogel JE et al (eds) Industrial minerals and rocks: commodities, markets, and uses, 7th edn. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Littleton, CO pp 769–792

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakhmouradian AR, Wall F (eds) (2012) Rare earth elements. Elements 8:333–376

    Google Scholar 

  • Chauvel C, Rudnick R (2016) Large-ion lithophile elements. In: White WM (ed) Encyclopedia of geochemistry. Springer, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_232-1

  • DePaolo DJ (1988) Neodymium isotope geochemistry: an introduction. Springer, Berlin, 187pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Douglas BE (1954) The lanthanide contraction. J Chem Educ 31:598–599

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emsley J (1998) The elements, 3rd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 292pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Gambogi J (2016) Rare earths. U S Geol Surv Miner Commod Summ 2016:134–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Goonan TG (2011) Rare earth elements – end use and recyclability. Scientific investigations report 2011-5094. U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, 15pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson P (ed) (1984) Rare earth element geochemistry. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 510pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoatson DM, Jaireth S, Miezitis Y (2011) The major rare-earth-element deposits of Australia: geological setting, exploration, and resources. Geoscience Australia, Canberra, 204pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones AP, Wall F, Williams CT (eds) (1996) Rare earth minerals: chemistry, origin and ore deposits.. Chapman & Hall, London, 372pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Kynicky J, Smith MP, Xu C (2012) Diversity of rare earth deposits: the key example of China. Elements 8:361–367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lipin BR, McKay GA (eds) (1989) Geochemistry and mineralogy of rare earth elements. Rev Mineral 21:348pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Lodders K (2003) Solar system abundances and condensation temperatures of the elements. Astrophys J 591:1220–1247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mariano AN, Mariano A Jr (2012) Rare earth mining and exploration in North America. Elements 8:369–376

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Masuda A, Kawakami O, Dohmoto Y, Takenaka T (1987) Lanthanide tetrad effects in nature: two mutually opposite types, W and M. Geochem J 21:119–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLennan SM (1989) Rare earth elements in sedimentary rocks: influence of provenance and sedimentary processes. Rev Mineral 21:169–200

    Google Scholar 

  • McLennan SM (1994) Rare earth element geochemistry and the “tetrad” effect. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 58:2025–2033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLennan SM, Taylor SR (2012) Geology, geochemistry and natural abundances of the rare earth elements. In: Atwood DA (ed) The rare earth elements: fundamentals and applications. Wiley, Chichester, pp 1–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Meija J, Coplen TB, Berglund M, Brand WA, De Bièvre P, Gröning M, Holden NE, Irrgeher J, Loss RD, Walczyk T, Prohaska T (2016) Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC technical report). Pure Appl Chem 88:265–291

    Google Scholar 

  • Nozaki Y (2001) Rare earth elements and their isotopes in the ocean. In: Steele JH et al (eds) Encyclopedia of ocean sciences. Academic, London, pp 2354–2366

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Parker CE, Brown MT, Bruland KW (2016) Scandium in the open oceans: a comparison with other group 3 trivalent metals. Geophys Res Lett 43:2758–2764

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patchett PJ (1983) Importance of the Lu-Hf isotopic system in studies of planetary chronology and chemical evolution. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 47:81–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shannon RD (1976) Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr A32:751–767

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sverjensky DM (1984) Europium redox equilibrium in aqueous solutions. Earth Planet Sci Lett 67:70–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi Y, Kolonin GR, Shironosova GP, Kupriyanova II, Uruga T, Shimizu H (2005) Determination of the Eu(II)/Eu(III) ratios in minerals by X-ray adsorption near-edge structure (XANES) and its application to hydrothermal deposits. Mineral Mag 69:179–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor SR, McLennan SM (1985) The continental crust: its composition and evolution. Blackwell, Oxford, 312pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor SR, McLennan SM (1988) Chapter 79, The significance of the rare earths in geochemistry and cosmochemistry. In: Gschneidner KA, Eyring L (eds) Handbook on the physics and chemistry of rare earths, vol 11. North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp 485–578

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor SR, McLennan SM (2009) Planetary crusts: their composition, origin and evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 378pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaimes GG, Hubler BJ, Wang S, Khanna V (2015) Environmental life cycle perspective on rare earth oxide production. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 3:237–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Scott M. McLennan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

McLennan, S.M. (2018). Lanthanide Rare Earths. In: White, W. (eds) Encyclopedia of Geochemistry. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_96-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_96-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-39193-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-39193-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Earth and Environm. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics