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Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology pp 835–866Cite as

Macroporous Morphology Control by Phase Separation

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Abstract

Polymerization-induced phase separation has been utilized to control the macroporous morphology of sol-gel derived materials in a variety of compositions including oxides and phosphates. Monolithic gels with well-defined co-continuous macropores and solid skeletons can be prepared from precursors such as metal alkoxides, organically modified organosilanes, and salts of various metals. The volume and size of macropores can be precisely controlled with sharp distributions by the starting compositions and reaction conditions. Additional tailoring of the micro-mesopores within micrometer-sized gel skeletons is possible either by supramolecular templating or appropriate post-gelation treatments represented by a solvothermal aging. The hierarchically porous monoliths thus obtained can be applied to various liquid-solid contact devices such as separation media for liquid chromatography.

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Acknowledgments

Contributions of Prof. Koji Fujita, Dr. Shunsuke Murai, Dr. Kazuyoshi Kanamori, Dr. Yang Zhu, Kyoto University, Prof. Yasuaki Tokudome, Osaka Prefecture University, and Dr. George Hasegawa, Osaka University, are warmly acknowledged. All the research would have been impossible without full support of Emeritus Profs. Naohiro Soga and Teiichi Hanada, Kyoto University. Hearty thanks also go to all the students, postdocs, and researchers from companies for their indispensable inputs throughout the research. Continuous financial supports from Kakenhi, MEXT, Japan and ALCA project, JST, Japan are especially acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Kazuki Nakanishi

  2. Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Kazuki Nakanishi

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  1. Kazuki Nakanishi
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Correspondence to Kazuki Nakanishi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA

    Lisa Klein

  2. Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain

    Mario Aparicio

  3. Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, The City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA

    Andrei Jitianu

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Nakanishi, K. (2018). Macroporous Morphology Control by Phase Separation. In: Klein, L., Aparicio, M., Jitianu, A. (eds) Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32101-1_25

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