Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Radiative Striations in Spin-Coating Films

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology

  • 659 Accesses

Abstract

Radiative striations that are formed on the surface of spin-coating films were quantitatively evaluated where the height and spacing of striations were measured by a contact probe surface profilometer. How the height and spacing of striations are affected by sol viscosity, spinning rate, and solvent volatility is described based on our experimental data. Striations are demonstrated to be formed even on stationary substrates, which indicates that the substrate rotation is not necessary for the formation of striations. On the basis of the idea that striations are formed by the same mechanism irrespective of the presence or absence of the substrate rotation, in situ observation was made on sols placed on substrates for understanding of the mechanism. When less volatile alcohols are used, the striations once formed are demonstrated to be diminished during gelation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 1,099.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 1,399.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Araki T, Kurosaki H, Yamada Y, Hirabayashi I, Shibata J, Hirayama T. Coating processes for YBa2Cu3O7-x superconductor by metalorganic deposition method using trifluoroacetates. Supercond Sci Technol. 2001;14:783–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashibe, N. Effects of the solvents on the formation of striations of spin-coating films. Bachelor Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kansai University 2003 [in Japanese].

    Google Scholar 

  • Berg JC, Boudart M, Acrivos A. Natural convection in pools of evaporating liquids. J Fluid Mech. 1966;24:721–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birnie DP. Rational solvent selection strategies to combat striation formation during spin coating of thin films. J Mater Res. 2001;16:1145–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bornside DE, Macosko CW, Scriven LE. On the modeling of spin coating. J Imaging Technol. 1987;13:122–30.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daniels BK, Szmanda CR, Templeton MK, Trefonas III PK. Surface tension effects in microlithography – striations. Proc SPIE. 1986;631:192–201.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Du XM, Orignac X, Almeida RM. Striation-free, spin-coated sol-gel optical films. J Am Ceram Soc. 1995;78:2254–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haas DE, Birnie DP. Nondestructive measurement of striation defect spacing using laser diffraction. J Mater Res. 2001a;16:3355–60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haas DE, Birnie III DP. Real-time monitoring of striation development during spin-in-glass deposition. In: Feng X, Klein LC, Pope EJA, Komarneni S, editors. Sol-gel commercialization and applications. Westerville: American Ceramic Society; 2001b. p. 133–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haas DE, Birnie DP. Evaluation of thermocapillary driving forces in the development of striations during the spin coating process. J Mater Sci. 2002;37:2109–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haas DE, Birnie III DP, Zecchino MJ, Figueroa JT. The effect of radial position and spin speed on striation spacing in spin on glass coatings. J Mater Sci Lett. 2001;20:1763–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hartner W, Bosk P, Schindler G, Bachhofer H, Mort M, Wendt H, Mikolajick T, Dehm C, Schroeder H, Waser R. SrBi2Ta2O9 ferroelectric thin film capacitors: degradation in a hydrogen ambient. Appl Phys A Mater Sci Process. 2003;77:571–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishikawa, Y. Fundamental studies on the mechanism of formation of spin-coating films. Bachelor Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kansai University 2002 [in Japanese].

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozuka H. On ceramic thin film formation from gels: evolution of stress, cracks and radiative striations. J Ceram Soc Jpn. 2003;111:624–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kozuka H, Hirano M. Radiative striation and surface roughness of alkoxide-derived spin coating films. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 2000;19:501–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kozuka H, Takenaka S, Kimura S. Nanoscale radiative striations of sol-gel-derived spin-coating films. Scr Mater. 2001;44:1807–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kozuka H, Takenaka S, Kimura S, Haruki T, Ishikawa Y. Effects of processing parameters on radiative striations of alkoxide-derived spin-coating films. Glass Technol. 2002;43C:265–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozuka H, Ishikawa Y, Ashibe N. Radiative striations of spin-coating films: surface roughness measurement and in-situ observation. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 2004;31:245–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Lam YL, Chan YC, Zhou Y, Ooi BS, Yun ZS. Experimental and theoretical study of the cracking behavior of sol-gel-derived SiO2 film on InP substrate. Appl Phys A Mater Sci Process. 2000;70:341–3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mellbring O, Oiseth SK, Krozer A, Lausmaa J, Hjertberg T. Spin coating and characterization of thin high-density polyethylene films. Macromolecules. 2001;34:7496–503.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendiola J, Calzada ML, Ramos P, Martin MJ, Agullo-Rueda F. On the effects of stresses in ferroelectric (Pb,Ca)TiO3 thin films. Thin Solid Films. 1998;315:195–201.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morita T. Fundamental studies on the formation of striations on silica/polyvinylpyrrolidone hybrid coating films. Bachelor Thesis, Kansai University 2004 [in Japanese].

    Google Scholar 

  • Rehg TJ, Higgins BG. Spin coating of colloidal suspensions. AICHE J. 1992;38:489–501.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor DJ, Birnie DP. A case study in striation prevention by targeted formulation adjustment: aluminum titanate sol-gel coatings. Chem Mater. 2002;14:1488–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamatecho, 564-8680, Osaka, Japan

    Hiromitsu Kozuka

Authors
  1. Hiromitsu Kozuka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hiromitsu Kozuka .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA

    Lisa Klein

  2. Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain

    Mario Aparicio

  3. Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, The City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA

    Andrei Jitianu

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Kozuka, H. (2018). Radiative Striations in Spin-Coating Films. In: Klein, L., Aparicio, M., Jitianu, A. (eds) Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32101-1_148

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation