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Hierarchical Organization in Monolithic Sol-Gel Materials

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Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology

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Abstract

The development of synthetic routes to hierarchically organized porous materials containing multiple, discrete sets of pores having disparate length scales is of high interest for a wide range of applications. One possible route toward the formation of multilevel porous architectures relies on the processing of condensable, network-forming precursors (sol-gel processes) in the presence of molecular porogens, lyotropic mesophases, supramolecular architectures, emulsions, organic polymers, or ice. In this review the focus is on sol-gel processing of inorganic and organic precursors with concurrently occurring microscopic and/or macroscopic phase separation for the formation of self-supporting monoliths. The potential and the limitations of the solution-based approaches are presented with special emphasis to recent examples of hierarchically organized silica, metal oxides, and phosphates as well as carbon monoliths.

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Acknowledgments

This chapter is reproduced from http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5CS00710K with permission from the Royal Society of Chemistry.

For parts of the work highlighted in this chapter, we thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within the Priority Programme 1570 “Poröse Medien mit definierter Porenstruktur in der Verfahrenstechnik – Modellierung, Anwendungen, Synthese” (Hu 1427/6-1) and the Austrian Science Foundation FWF (Project I 1605-N20).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria

    Andrea Feinle, Michael S. Elsaesser & Nicola Hüsing

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  1. Andrea Feinle
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  2. Michael S. Elsaesser
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  3. Nicola Hüsing
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Correspondence to Nicola Hüsing .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA

    Lisa Klein

  2. Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain

    Mario Aparicio

  3. Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, The City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA

    Andrei Jitianu

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Feinle, A., Elsaesser, M.S., Hüsing, N. (2018). Hierarchical Organization in Monolithic Sol-Gel Materials. In: Klein, L., Aparicio, M., Jitianu, A. (eds) Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32101-1_127

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