Synonyms
Federal personnel administration; Federal budgeting; Fiscal stress; Entitlements; Executive leadership; Administrative presidency; National political context; Interest groups; Tides of administrative reform; Information technology; Social media; Pressures for agency change; Leadership skills; Ecology of public administration and public management; Compensatory state; Bureaucratic pathologies; Institutions; Contracting; Insourcing
The order in which state bureaucracies and democracy occur in nations has a tremendous impact on political development. Approximately 2,200 years ago, the Ch’in dynasty (221–206 BCE) created a centralized unitary state in China, and the subsequent Western Han dynasty (206 BCE–9 CE) introduced a civil service and examination system to guide it (Raadschelders 1998). Both occurred long before any effort at democracy. Consistent with Confucian principles of hierarchy, the state was to be run by a cadre of meritorious elites, defined – and selected by...
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Durant, R.F. (2016). Federal Executive Management. In: Farazmand, A. (eds) Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_2343-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_2343-1
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