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Rhamnolipids: Production, Performance, and Application

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Consequences of Microbial Interactions with Hydrocarbons, Oils, and Lipids: Production of Fuels and Chemicals

Part of the book series: Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology ((HHLM))

Abstract

A circular bioeconomy requires the use of renewable resources to produce high-value specialty chemicals or pharmaceuticals, and also fine and bulk chemicals. Here, the surfactant market represents an ideal test case, because surfactants can cover diverse product classes ranging from fine to bulk chemicals and thus including large differences in purity and price. Biosurfactants produced by microbes from renewable resources are discussed for decades, and recently, sophorolipids arrived in the market, produced by fermentation of high-performing production strains and combined with simple product purification thus reaching low product prices.

Here, we review the current status of rhamnolipid research and applications. Molecular diversity of rhamnolipids and biochemical pathways involved in their synthesis are presented, and physicochemical parameters governing emulsification, foaming, and other properties of rhamnolipids are summarized, followed by applications in many different industries including the agro and pharma industry. We finish with a patent survey that covers rhamnolipid production and potential applications of these biosurfactants. We also tried to identify knowledge gaps that might limit a more rapid establishment of rhamnolipids in the markets.

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Acknowledgments

The Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU) is gratefully acknowledged for providing financial support.

This work was partially funded by the Cluster of Excellence “Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass” (TMFB), which is funded by the Excellence Initiative of the German federal and state governments to promote science and research at German universities.

The scientific activities of the Bioeconomy Science Center were financially supported by the Ministry of Innovation, Science, and Research within the framework of the NRW Strategieprojekt BioSC (No. 313/323-400-002 13).

The authors have received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 633962 for the project P4SB.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany

    Till Tiso & Lars Mathias Blank

  2. Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany, Geb. 15.8, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany

    Stephan Thies & Karl-Erich Jaeger

  3. Fraunhofer – Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Nobelstraße 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany

    Michaela Müller

  4. Institute for Food and Resource Economics, Chair for Technology and Innovation Management in Agribusiness, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 174, 53115, Bonn, Germany

    Lora Tsvetanova, Laura Carraresi & Stefanie Bröring

  5. Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften IBG-1: Biotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany

    Karl-Erich Jaeger

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    Sang Yup Lee

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Tiso, T. et al. (2017). Rhamnolipids: Production, Performance, and Application. In: Lee, S. (eds) Consequences of Microbial Interactions with Hydrocarbons, Oils, and Lipids: Production of Fuels and Chemicals. Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31421-1_388-1

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