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Perinatal Malnutrition and Epigenetic Regulation of Long-Term Metabolism

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Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics

Abstract

Maternal malnutrition in perinatal life can have long-lasting adverse effects on glucose and lipid homeostasis in the offspring, culminating in dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and obesity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying how these nutritional deficits during perinatal life lead to permanent changes in hepatic and adipose function will provide efficacious therapeutic strategies to mitigate these metabolic defects short and long term. This chapter addresses how epigenetic mechanisms mediate alterations in hepatic and adipose gene expression identified from clinical studies and different experimental models of maternal malnutrition. These include DNA methylation, posttranslational histone modifications, and microRNAs.

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Canadian Institutes for Health Research Operating Grant and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Operating Grant

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Abbreviations

11β-HSD1:

11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1

ABCA1:

ATP-binding cassette transporter 1

ABCG5/8:

ATP-binding cassette transporter 5/8

ACCα:

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α

ADP:

Adenine diphosphate

APOE:

Apolipoprotein E

CpG:

Cysteine-phosphate-guanine

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

Cyp7a1:

Cytochrome P450 7a1

DOHaD:

Developmental origins of health and disease

ER stress:

Endoplasmic reticulum stress

FBPase:

Fructose bisphosphatase

G6Pase:

Glucose-6 phosphatase

GDF3:

Growth differentiation factor-3

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

HMG-COA:

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A

HNF4α:

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α

IGF-1:

Insulin growth factor 1

IGF-2R:

Insulin growth factor 2 receptor

IUGR:

Intrauterine growth restriction

JMJD:

Jmj-domain-containing histone demethylation protein

LDL:

Low-density lipoproteins

LP:

Low protein

LXR:

Liver X receptor

LXRE:

Liver X receptor element

miRs:

MicroRNAs

MPR:

Maternal protein restriction

PCK1:

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble)

PEPCK:

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

PND:

Postnatal day

SCD-1:

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase

SMAD4:

SMAD family member 4

WAT:

White adipose tissue

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Physiology & Pharmacology, The Children’s Health Research Institute and The Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada

    Daniel B. Hardy Ph.D

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  1. c/o Editorial Board 978-0-387-78665 , Heidelberg, Baden-WĂĽrttemberg, Germany

    Vinood Patel

  2. Kings College , London, United Kingdom

    Victor Preedy

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Hardy, D.B. (2017). Perinatal Malnutrition and Epigenetic Regulation of Long-Term Metabolism. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31143-2_38-1

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