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Preventing and Diagnosing Diabetic Complications: Epigenetics, miRNA, DNA Methylation, and Histone Modifications

Applications of miRNA, DNA Methylation, and Histone Modifications on Diagnosis and Therapeutics of Diabetic Embryopathy

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Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics

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Abstract

In previous chapter of this book, we have elucidated that three epigenetic modalities – microRNA (miRNA), DNA methylation, and histone modifications – are possible pathological pathways causing diabetic embryopathy. This chapter discusses the potential of utilizing epigenetic biomarkers for early diagnosis of embryonic malformation in pregnancy, and the therapeutics for diabetic embryopathy based on modifying epigenetic changes. We show evidence that circulating miRNAs, intermediates of the DNA methylation cycle, and epigenetic profiles of circulating nucleosomes, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, have become promising biomarker candidates for diagnosis and prognosis of diabetic embryopathy. We also describe studies which have targeted the activity of hyperglycemia-induced miRNAs, using mimics or inhibitors; DNA methylation, using nutritional supplements; and histone modifying enzymes, using chemical inhibitors, to prevent diabetic embryopathy. Although we have the promising progress, the development of effective biomarkers and therapeutics for diabetic embryopathy still face many challenges.

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Abbreviations

5MC:

5-methylcytosine

CHD:

Congenital heart defect

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

Dnmt:

DNA methyltransferase

EGCG:

Polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate

FXN:

Frataxin

Grhl3:

Grainyhead like transcription factor 3

H3K27me3:

Histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation

H3K4me2:

Histone 3 lysine 4 bimethylation

H3K9me3:

Histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation

H4K20me3:

Histone 4 lysine 20 trimethylation

Hcy:

Homocysteine

KCNH2:

Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2;

KCNQ1:

Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1

LINE-1:

Long interspersed nuclear element-1

MYH6:

Myosin heavy chain 6

NTD:

Neural tube defect

Pax3:

Paired box 3

SAH:

S-Adenosylhomocysteine

SAM:

S-adenosylmethionine

TSA:

Trichostatin A

Tulp3:

Tubby like protein 3

VPA:

Valproic acid

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, BRB11-039, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Daoyin Dong, E. Albert Reece & Peixin Yang

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, BRB11-039, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Peixin Yang

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  1. Daoyin Dong
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  2. E. Albert Reece
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  3. Peixin Yang
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Correspondence to Peixin Yang .

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  1. c/o Editorial Board 978-0-387-78665 , Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

    Vinood Patel

  2. Kings College , London, United Kingdom

    Victor Preedy

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Dong, D., Reece, E.A., Yang, P. (2017). Preventing and Diagnosing Diabetic Complications: Epigenetics, miRNA, DNA Methylation, and Histone Modifications. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31143-2_101-1

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