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Sequelae of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents

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Pediatric Hypertension

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Abstract

Data obtained from autopsy studies as well as noninvasive imaging techniques have demonstrated that end-organ changes occur in children and adolescents with mild to moderate elevations in blood pressure. These chronic elevations in blood pressure in pediatric patients induce changes in left atrial as well as left ventricular structure. The cardiac changes occur in parallel with alterations in the vascular system and subsequent development of atherosclerosis. Subclinical changes in renal function and microalbumin excretion are also noted in these patients. Mild to moderate elevations in blood pressure also impact cognitive functioning in children. The adverse effects of severe hypertension in children and adolescents on these organ systems are also well-known. Although additional longitudinal studies are required to elucidate the significance of these alterations, children with elevated blood pressures must be identified and treated appropriately in order to improve their long-term outcomes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Levine Children’s Hospital at Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, 28232, USA

    Donald J. Weaver Jr.

  2. Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA

    Mark M. Mitsnefes

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  1. Donald J. Weaver Jr.
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  2. Mark M. Mitsnefes
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Correspondence to Donald J. Weaver Jr. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Seattle Children’s Hospital Division of Nephrology, Seattle, WA, USA

    Joseph T. Flynn

  2. Division of Nephrology MassGeneral for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Department of Pediatrics, Boston, MA, USA

    Julie R. Ingelfinger

  3. St. Luke’s Health System, Children’s Nephrology and Hypertension, Boise, ID, USA

    Karen M. Redwine

Section Editor information

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 1 Children's Way, 72202, Little Rock, AR, USA

    Karen Redwine MD

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Weaver, D.J., Mitsnefes, M.M. (2018). Sequelae of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents. In: Flynn, J., Ingelfinger, J., Redwine, K. (eds) Pediatric Hypertension. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31107-4_29

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