Definition
Leiomyoma is a benign tumor with smooth muscle cell differentiation.
Clinical Features
Incidence
Leiomyoma is rare in the genitourinary tract. In the bladder, it represents 0.5% of all tumors, although it is the most common benign mesenchymal neoplasm, with approximately 250 cases reported so far (He et al. 2018). In the paratesticular region, it is the second more frequent benign mesenchymal neoplasm. Few cases are reported in other genitourinary sites (Cheville and Folpe 2016; Cheville et al. 2016; Fletcher et al. 2016).
Age
The lesion can occur over a wide age range, especially in the bladder (21–80 years), while in the prostate, it is seen mostly in older patients (Cheville et al. 2016).
Sex
The tumor has a female predominance in the bladder (Cheville and Folpe 2016).
Site
The most common site of involvement is the bladder; other sites comprise renal pelvis, spermatic cord, epididymis, tunica albuginea, prostate, scrotum, and penis (Cheville and Folpe 2016; Cheville et...
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References and Further Reading
Bremmer, F., Kessel, F. J., Behnes, C. L., Trojan, L., & Heinrich, E. (2012). Leiomyoma of the tunica albuginea, a case report of a rare tumour of the testis and review of the literature. Diagnostic Pathology, 7, 140.
Cheville, J., Folpe, A. (2016). Mesenchimal tumours; tumours of the urinary tract. In: Holger, M., Humphrey, P. A., Ulbright, T. M., & Reuter, V. E. (eds), WHO classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs (4th ed.). Lyon: IARC.
Cheville, J., Algaba, F., Epstein, J. I., Lopez-Beltran, A. (2016). Mesenchymal tumours; tumours of the prostate. In: Holger, M., Humphrey, P. A., Ulbright, T. M., & Reuter, V. E. (eds), WHO classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs (4th ed.). Lyon: IARC.
Fletcher, C. D. M., Folpe, A. L., Hornick, J. L. (2016). Mesenchymal tumours of the spermatic cord and testicular adnexa. In: Holger, M., Humphrey, P. A., Ulbright, T. M., & Reuter, V. E. (eds), WHO classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs (4th ed.). Lyon: IARC.
He, L., Li, S., Zheng, C., & Wang, C. (2018). Rare symptomatic bladder leiomyoma: Case report and literature review. The Journal of International Medical Research, 46(4), 1678–1684.
Salvarci, A., & Altinay, S. (2014). Leiomyoma of the prostate, a rare mesenchymal tumour. The West Indian Medical Journal, 63(1), 116–117.
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Taverna, C., Franchi, A. (2019). Leiomyoma. In: van Krieken, J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Pathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_4837-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_4837-1
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