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Physical Methods to Measure Stratum Corneum Water Content In Vivo

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Agache’s Measuring the Skin

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Abstract

On living skin, the Stratum Corneum (S.C.) water content is essentially measured through non invasive physical methods. This chapter reviews most of the proposed techniques, some of them being now widely used for investigation and screening in the Dermo-Cosmetology field. It opens with a short survey of S.C. water bounding mechanisms, leading to a presentation of thermal methods, based on heat diffusivity measurements. The next part deals with skin mechanical properties, such as elasticity and viscosity, which have been widely related to S.C. hydration studies. Electrical methods follow, of main importance since they have originated many of the small commercial instruments used for skin “moisturization” determinations. Though working all on the same Physical basis (impedance measurements), the investigators have played with several parameters (frequency, geometry of the probe, shape of the applied field) to find the “best” compromise. Beside these indirect methods, experiments targeting directly the water molecule have been carried out. Based on the optical properties of the water molecule, they appear very promising, since the associated instrumentation is getting out from sophisticated laboratories to become available on the market (still at rather high prices). Infra-red reflectometry, Raman scattering and coherent tomography belong to this class of techniques, which in addition allow the water gradient determination across S.C. and epidermis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Non Invasive Technologies, 42 rue Monge, F-75001, Paris, France

    Jean-claude Bernengo

  2. L’Oréal Recherche, 188 Rue Paul Hochart, 94152, Chevilly Larue, France

    Jean de Rigal

Authors
  1. Jean-claude Bernengo
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  2. Jean de Rigal
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jean-claude Bernengo .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medecine Vasculaire Lab. Ingénierie et de Biologie Cutanées, CHU Besancon Service Dermatologie et, Besancon, France

    Philippe Humbert

  2. San Francisco, California, USA

    Howard Maibach

  3. Department of Dermatology, Saint Jacques University Hospital, Besançon, France

    Ferial Fanian

  4. Univ. Besançon Dépt. Dermatologie, Besançon, France

    Pierre Agache

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© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Bernengo, Jc., de Rigal, J. (2015). Physical Methods to Measure Stratum Corneum Water Content In Vivo. In: Humbert, P., Maibach, H., Fanian, F., Agache, P. (eds) Agache’s Measuring the Skin. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26594-0_29-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26594-0_29-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-26594-0

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