Abstract
Orofacial malformations encompass several different syndromes. Congenital anomalies can occur in up to 15 % of newborn, and many of these involve the oral, craniofacial, and dental region. Finding of a single craniofacial anomaly at birth may alert to the presence of a complex syndrome. The majority of these syndromes present a frequency ranging from between one in 5600 and one in 100,000. Many attempts of systematic classification were suggested, but none is still universally accepted. The comprehensive management of orofacial syndromes required a staged multidisciplinary approach in dedicated centers with dedicated resources, high patient volume, and strong interest in improving the lives of these complex and challenging patients.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alioglu Z, Caylan R, Adanir M, Ozmenoglu M (2000) Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome: report of three cases. Neurol Sci 21(1):57–60
Breugem CC, Mink van der Molen AB (2009) What is “Pierre – Robin sequence”? J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 62:1555–1558
Caoutte-Laberge L, Bayet B, Larocque Y (1994) The Pierre Robin sequence: review of 125 cases and evolution of treatment modalities. Plast Reconstr Surg 93:934e–942e
Cohen MM Jr (1981) The patient multiple anomalies. Raven, New York
Cohen MM Jr (2002) Malformations of the craniofacial region: evolutionary, embryonic, genetic, and clininical perspectives. Am J Med Gen 115(4):245–268
Cohen MM Jr, Maclean JE (2000) Craniosyn- ostosis: diagnosis, evaluation and management, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, New York
Forrest CR, Hopper RA (2013) Craniofacial syndromes and surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 131:86e–109e
Gorlin R, Cohen MM Jr, Hennekam RCM (2001) Syndromes of the head and neck. Oxford University Press, New York
Granstrom G, Jacobsson C (1999) First and second branchial arch syndrome: aspects on the embryogenesis, elucidations, and rehabilitation using the osseointegration concept. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 1(2):59–69
Hall DM, Renfrew MJ (2005) Tongue tie. Arch Dis Child 115:1211
Jacobson C, Granstrom G (1997) Clinical appearance of spontaneous and induced first and second branchial arch syndromes. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 31(2):125–136
Johnston MC, Bronsky PT (1995) Prenatal craniofacial development: new insight on normal and abnormal mechanisms. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 6(4):368–422
Kearns GJ, Padwa BL, Mulliken JB et al (2000) Progression of facial asymmetry in hemifacial microsomia. Plast Reconstr Surg 105(2):492–498
Lowe LH, Booth TN, Joglar JM et al (2000) Midface anomalies in children. Radiographics 20(4):907–922
McCarthy JG (1990) Plastic surgery. Cleft lip and palate and craniofacial anomalies, vol 4. Saunders, Philadelphia
Mueller DT, Callanan VP (2007) Congenital malformations of the oral cavity. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 40:401
Neligan PJ, Rodriguez ED, Losee JE (2013) Plastic surgery. Craniofacial, head and neck surgery, pediatric surgery, vol 3, 3rd edn. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia
Nuckolls GH, Shum L, Slavkin HC (1999) Progress toward understanding craniofacial malformations. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 36(1):12–26
Silvestri A, Natali G, Iannetti G (1996) Functional therapy in hemifacial microsomia: therapeutic protocol for growing children. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 54(3):271–278
Slavkin HC (1984) Congenital craniofacial malformations: issues and perspectives. J Prosthet Dent 51(1):109–118
Slavkin HC, Melnick M (1982) Maternal influences on congenital craniofacial malformations. Am J Orthod 81(4):261–268
Sperber GH (1992) The aetiopathogenesis of craniofacial anomalies. Ann Acad Med Singapore 21(5):708–714
Tessier P (1971) Total osteotomy of the middle third of the face for fasciostenosis or for sequelae of Le Fort III fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg 48(6):533–541
Tessier P (1974) Experience in the treatment of orbital hypertelorism. Plast Reconstr Surg 53(1):1–18
Tessier P (1976) Exopthalmous in Crouzon’s disease and in Apert’s disease. Bull Mem Soc Fr Ophtalmol 88:357–361
Tulasne JF, Tessier PL (1986) Long – term stability results of Le Fort III advancement in Crouzon’s syndrome. Cleft Palate J 23(Suppl 1):102–109
Van der Meulen JC, Mazzola R, Vermey-Keers C et al (1983) A morphogenetic classification of craniofacial malformations. Plast Reconstr Surg 71:560–572
Vig KW, Millicovsky G, Johnston MC (1984) Craniofacial development: the possible mechanism for some malformations. Br J Orthod 11(3):114–118
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this entry
Cite this entry
Iannetti, G., Fadda, M.T., Della Monaca, M., Bosco, G. (2016). Orofacial Malformations. In: Buonocore, G., Bracci, R., Weindling, M. (eds) Neonatology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18159-2_227-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18159-2_227-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-18159-2
eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine