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Neonatology pp 1–25Cite as

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/Chronic Lung Disease of the Newborn

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Abstract

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease associated with premature birth and characterized by early lung injury. Over the past four decades, there have been significant changes in the definition, pathology, and radiological findings of BPD. The clinical profile of infants with BPD has changed and it is uncommon in infants over 1,200 g birth weight and >30 weeks gestational age. Understanding of the basic biology of lung development and use of antenatal steroids, postnatal surfactant, new ventilatory strategies, and aggressive nutrition have resulted in major improvements in the clinical course and outcomes. Management of the early, evolving and established phases of BPD continues to improve. Despite many advances in care, however, infants with BPD have significant neurodevelopmental and pulmonary sequelae.

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Abbreviations

α1P1:

Alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor

BPD:

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

BW:

Birth weight

CC10:

Clara cell 10-kD protein

CCSP:

Clara cell secretory protein

CMV:

Conventional mechanical ventilation

CT:

Computed tomography

CTGI:

Continuous tracheal gas insufflation

ET-1:

Endothelin-1

FGF-2:

Fibroblast growth factor-2

GA:

Gestational age

HFOV:

High-frequency oscillatory ventilation

HGF:

Hepatocyte growth factor

ICAM-1:

Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1

ILs:

Interleukins

IL-1RA:

IL-1 receptor antagonist

iNO:

Inhaled nitric oxide

KGF:

Keratinocyte growth factor

LFA-1:

Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MCP:

Monocyte chemoattractant proteins

MIF:

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor

MMPs:

Matrix metalloproteinases

NAC:

N-acetyl cysteine

NCPAP:

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure

NF-kB:

Nuclear factor-kappa B

NIPPV:

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation

PAI-1:

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1

PDA:

Patent ductus arteriosus

PMA:

Postmenstrual age

PTHrP:

Parathyroid hormone-related protein

RCT:

Randomized controlled trial

RDS:

Respiratory distress syndrome

RSV:

Respiratory syncytial virus

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TA:

Tracheal aspirates

TATI:

Tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor

TGF-ß1:

Transforming growth factor-ß1

TIMP:

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neonatology/Pediatrics, St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children/Drexel University College of Medicine, 160 East Erie Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19134, USA

    Vineet Bhandari

  2. Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Vineet Bhandari

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  1. Vineet Bhandari
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Correspondence to Vineet Bhandari .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Siena, Italy

    Giuseppe Buonocore

  2. Medicina della Riproduzione, Università di Siena Dipto. Pediatria, Ostetricia e, Siena, Italy

    Rodolfo Bracci

  3. Liverpool Women's Hospital Neonatal Unit, Liverpool, United Kingdom

    Michael Weindling

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Bhandari, V. (2016). Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/Chronic Lung Disease of the Newborn. In: Buonocore, G., Bracci, R., Weindling, M. (eds) Neonatology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18159-2_205-1

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