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Handbook of Nanoparticles pp 1313–1337Cite as

Applications of Nanoparticles in Mass Spectrometry for Highly Sensitive Analysis

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Abstract

Mass spectrometry (MS) has been one of the most successful analytical techniques as it could provide highly sensitive detection and molecular structure information by recording MS or even MSn spectra. For MS analysis, efficient ionization, interference-free detection, and development of new ionization sources are of great concern in the fields of analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. Nanoparticles (NPs), with large surface area, specific physical and chemical properties, as well as techniques of controllable synthesis and functionalization, begin to attract more and more attentions for their potential application in MS analysis. On the one hand, NPs are useful matrixes in surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS), mainly benefitting from their strong light absorption in wide range. Compared with conventional organic matrixes, NPs can eliminate the “sweet spots” and provide high signals in low-mass region. Besides, after functionalized with recognition ligands, NPs would gain a strong affinity to analytes, thus enriching the target compounds and improving the detection sensitivity. So far, silicon NPs, metallic NPs, metal oxide NPs, and carbon-based NPs have demonstrated their applicability in SALDI-MS, which are summarized in the following text. On the other hand, NPs can also be used for the development of new ionization sources. Nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS) is a novel spatially defined mass analysis technique that uses “initiator” molecules trapped in nanostructured surfaces to release and ionize samples on the surface. Owing to the advantages of high lateral resolution, high sensitivity, matrix-free, and reduced fragmentation, it is now widely used in biochemical analysis and tissue imaging. Based on the survey of literature, the authors also discussed the prospective of NPs used in MS analysis.

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Abbreviations

AgNPs:

Silver nanoparticles

Au@AgNPs:

Silver-coated gold nanoparticles

AuNPs:

Gold nanoparticles

CHCA:

a-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

CVD:

Chemical vapor deposition

DESI:

Desorption electrospray ionization

DHB:

2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid

DIOS:

Desorption/ionization on silicon

GeND:

Germanium nanodots

GO:

Graphene oxide

HAS:

Human serum albumin

LODs:

Limit of detections

MALDI:

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization

MPCs:

Monolayer-protected gold clusters

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MS:

Mass spectrometry

MSI:

Mass spectrometry imaging

MWCNTs:

Multiwall carbon nanotubes

NIMS:

Nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry

NPs:

Nanoparticles

NW:

Nanowire

OCNTs:

Oxidized carbon nanotubes

PANI:

Polyaniline

PECVD:

Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

PET:

Positron emission computed tomography

SA:

Sinapinic acid

SALDI:

Surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization

SIMS:

Secondary ion mass spectrometry

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Acknowledgment

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 21027012, 21175005 and 21275012).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China

    Cuilan Chang, Jialing Zhang, Ze Li, Liping Li, Linnan Xu, Xianjiang Li, Baosheng Feng, Yu Bai & Huwei Liu

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  1. Department of Materials Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Mahmood Aliofkhazraei

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Chang, C. et al. (2016). Applications of Nanoparticles in Mass Spectrometry for Highly Sensitive Analysis. In: Aliofkhazraei, M. (eds) Handbook of Nanoparticles. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15338-4_30

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