Abstract
Simultaneous kidney transplantation is sometimes pursued with other organs due to severe dual organ dysfunction or end stage failure. The most common dual organs transplanted together are kidney and pancreas. Patients in need of life saving organs such as liver, heart, or lung may also have chronic kidney disease and may be eligible for dual transplantation. There are advantages to multi-organ transplantation since there is immunologic exposure to only a single donor, avoidance of multiple surgeries, and the need to wait for a second organ is circumvented. However, the lack of standardized allocation criteria leads to variability in practices across United States. This chapter covers kidney transplantation simultaneously with other organs such as pancreas, liver, heart, and lung. It also covers the current policies and existing criteria pertaining to synchronous kidney pancreas and liver kidney transplantation. It also discusses absence of standardized criteria with combined kidney heart and kidney lung transplantation. Finally, it provides some insight into ethics of dual transplantation and how it may sometimes undermine the principles of equity and utility.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
References
Amore A, Coppo R, Roccatello D, Piccoli G, Mazzucco G, Gomez-Chiarri M, Lamm ME, Emancipator SN (1994) Experimental IgA nephropathy secondary to hepatocellular injury induced by dietary deficiencies and heavy alcohol intake. Lab Invest 70(1):68
Barshes NR, DiBardino DJ, McKenzie ED, Lee TC, Stayer SA, Mallory GB (2005) Combined lung and liver transplantation: the United States experience. Transplantation 80:1161–1167
Becker BN, Odorico JS, Becker YT, Groshek M, Werwinski C, Pirsch JD, Sollinger HW (2001) Simultaneous pancreas-kidney and pancreas transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 12(11):2517
Borro JM, Rama P, Rey T, Fernández-Rivera C (2013) Long-term success of combined kidney-lung transplantation in a patient with cystic fibrosis. Arch Bronconeumol 49(6):272–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2012.10.008
Cassuto JR, Reese PP, Sonnad S et al (2010) Wait list death and survival benefit of kidney transplantation among nonrenal transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 10:2502–2511
Creput C, Durrbach A, Samuel D et al (2003) Incidence of renal and liver rejection and patient survival rate following combined liver and kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 3:348–356
Davis CL, Gretch DR, Carithers RL (1994) Hepatitis C virus in renal disease [Review]. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 3(2):164–173
De Perrot M, Licker M, Robert J, Nicod L, Spiliopoulos A (1998) Successful combined lung and kidney transplantation for pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis and renal angiolipomas. Eur Respir J 12:1479–1481
Diamond JR, Yoburn DC (1982) Nonoliguric acute renal failure associated with a low fractional excretion of sodium. Ann Intern Med 96(5):597
Dunn SR, Gabuzda GM, Superdock KR, Kolecki RS, Schaedler RW, Simenhoff ML (1997) Induction of creatininase activity in chronic renal failure: timing of creatinine degradation and effect of antibiotics. Am J Kidney Dis 29(1):72
Emancipator SN (1990) Immunoregulatory factors in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int 38:1216
Flye MW, Duffy BF, Phelan DL, Ratner LE, Mohanakumar T (1990) Protective effects of liver transplantation on a simultaneously transplanted kidney in a highly sensitized patient. Transplantation 50:1051–1054
Fong TL, Khemichian S, Shah T, Hutchinson IV, Cho YW (2012) Combined liver-kidney transplantation is preferable to liver transplant alone for cirrhotic patients with renal failure. Transplantation 94:411–416
Formica RN Jr (2016) Simultaneous liver–kidney allocation: let’s not make perfect the enemy of good. Am J Transplant 16(9):2765
Fung J, Griffin M, Duquesnoy R, Shaw B, Starzl T (1987) Successful sequential liver-kidney transplantation in a patient with preformed lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Transplant Proc 19:767
Fung J, Makowka L, Tzakis A et al (1988) Combined liver-kidney transplantation: analysis of patients with preformed lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Transplant Proc 20(1 Suppl 1):88–91
Gil-Vernet S, Prieto C, Grino JM et al (1992) Combined liver-kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 24:128–129
Ginès P, Schrier RW (2009) Renal failure in cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 361(13):1279
Gonwa TA, Nery JR, Husberg BS et al (1988) Simultaneous liver and renal transplantation in man. Transplantation 46:690–693
Gonwa TA, Klintmalm GB, Levy M, Jennings LS, Goldstein RM, Husberg BS (1995) Impact of pretransplant renal function on survival after liver transplantation. Transplantation 59(3):361–365
Johnson RJ, Couser WG (1990) Hepatitis B infection and renal disease: clinical, immunopathogenetic and therapeutic considerations. Kidney Int 37:663
Karamlou T, Welke KF, McMullan DM et al (2014) Combined heart-kidney transplant improves post-transplant survival compared with isolated heart transplant in recipients with reduced glomerular filtration rate: analysis of 593 combined heart-kidney transplants from the United Network Organ Sharing Database. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 147:456–461.e1
Kiberd B, Skedgel C, Alwayn I, Peltekian K (2011) Simultaneous liver kidney transplantation: a medical decision analysis. Transplantation 91:121–127
Lai KN, Lai FM-M (1991) Clinical features and natural history of hepatitis B virus related glomerulopathy in adults. Kidney Int 40(35):s-40
Margreiter R, Kramar R, Huber C et al (1984) Combined liver and kidney transplantation. Lancet 1:1077–1078
McAlister FA, Ezekowitz J, Tonelli M, Armstrong PW (2004) Renal insufficiency and heart failure: prognostic and therapeutic implications from a prospective cohort study. Circulation 109(8):1004
McCauley J, Van Thiel DH, Starzl TE, Puschett JB (1990) Acute and chronic renal failure in liver transplantation. Nephron 55:121–128
McCauley J, Farkus SJ, Prasad HA, Muarray SA (1991) Cyclosporine and FK 506 induced inhibition of renal epithelial cell proliferation. Transplant Proc 23(6):2829–2830
McMillan RW, Gelder FB, Zibari GB, Aultman DF, Adamashvili I, McDonald JC (1997) Soluble fraction of class I human histocompatibility leukocyte antigens in the serum of liver transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 11:98–103
Misiani R, Bellavita P, Fenili D et al (1992) Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. Ann Intern Med 117:573
Nadim MK et al (2012) Simultaneous liver–kidney transplantation summit: current state and future directions. Am J Transplant 12:2901–2908
Narula J, Bennett LE, DiSalvo T, Hosenpud JD, Semigran MJ, Dec GW (1997) Outcomes in recipients of combined heart-kidney transplantation: multiorgan, same donor transplant study of the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation/United Network for Organ Sharing Scientific Registry. Transplantation 63(6):861–867
Noble-Jamieson G, Thiru S, Johnston P, Friend P, Barnes ND (1992) Glomerulonephritis with end-stage liver disease in childhood. Lancet 339(8795):706
Norman JC, Brook MI, Cooley DA, Klima T, Kahan BD, Frazier OH et al (1978) Total support of the circulation of a patient with post-cardiotomy stone heart syndrome by a partial artificial heart (ALVAD) for 5 days followed by heart and kidney transplantation. Lancet 1:1125–1127
Orens JB, Estenne M, Arcasoy S, Conte JV, Corris P, Egan JJ (2006) International guidelines for the selection of lung transplant candidates: 2006 update – a consensus report from the Pulmonary Scientific Council of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 25:745–755
Pouria S, Feehally J (1999) Glomerular IgA deposition in liver disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 14(10):2279
Rao PS, Schaubel DE, Guidinger MK et al (2009) A comprehensive risk quantification score for deceased donor kidneys: the kidney donor risk index. Transplantation 88:231–236
Reddy KS, Stablein D, Taranto S, Stratta RJ, Johnston TD, Waid TH, McKeown JW, Lucas BA, Ranjan D (2003) Long-term survival following simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation versus kidney transplantation alone in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 41(2):464
Reese PP, Veatch RM, Abt PL, Amaral S (2014) Revisiting multi-organ transplantation in the setting of scarcity. Am J Transplant 21–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.12557
Reich HJ, Chan JL, Czer LS, Mirocha J, Annamalai AA, Cheng W, Jordan SC, Chaux G, Ramzy D (2015) Combined lung-kidney transplantation: an analysis of the UNOS/OPTN Database. Am Surg 81 (10):1047–1052
Ruiz R, Kunitake H, Wilkinson AH et al (2006) Long-term analysis of combined liver and kidney transplantation at a single center. Arch Surg 141:735–741, discussion 741–732
Russo MJ, Rana A, Chen JM, Hong KN, Gelijns A, Moskowitz A et al (2009) Pretransplantation patient characteristics and survival following combined heart and kidney transplantation: an analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing Database. Arch Surg 144:241–246
Schaffer JM, Chiu P, Singh SK, Oyer PE, Reitz BA, Mallidi HR (2014) Heart and combined heart-kidney transplantation in patients with concomitant renal insufficiency and end-stage heart failure. Am J Transplant 14(2):384–396
Shaked A, Thompson M, Wilkinson AH et al (1993) The role of combined liver/kidney transplantation in end stage hepato-renal disease. Am Surg 59:606–609
Shemesh O, Golbetz H, Kriss JP, Myers BD (1985) Limitations of creatinine as a filtration marker in glomerulopathic patients. Kidney Int 28(5):830
Singh TP, Almond CS, Taylor DO, Graham DA (2012) Decline in heart transplant wait list mortality in the United States following broader regional sharing of donor hearts. Circ Heart Fail 5:249–258
SRTR annual report, pancreas section (2014)
Starzl TE, Valdivia LA, Murase N et al (1994) The biological basis of and strategies for clinical xenotransplantation. Immunol Rev 141:213–244
Tanriover B, Mejia A, Weinstein J, Foster SV, Ghalib R, Mubarak A, Cheng SS (2008) Analysis of kidney function and biopsy results in liver failure patients with renal dysfunction: a new look to combined liver kidney allocation in the post-MELD era. Transplantation 86(11):1548
Van Acker BA, Koomen GC, Koopman MG, de Waart DR, Arisz L (1992) Creatinine clearance during cimetidine administration for measurement of glomerular filtration rate. Lancet 340(8831):1326
Vogel W, Steiner E, Koller J et al (1988) Preliminary results with combined hepatorenal allografting. Transplantation 45:491–493
Wadei HM, Mai ML, Ahsan N, Gonwa TA (2006) Hepatorenal syndrome: pathophysiology and management. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1(5):1066
Weiss AS, Smits G, Wiseman AC (2009) Twelve-month pancreas graft function significantly influences survival following simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4(5):988
Wolf JH, Sulewski ME, Cassuto JR, Levine MH, Naji A, Olthoff KM, Shaked A, Abt PL (2013) Simultaneous thoracic and abdominal transplantation: can we justify two organs for one recipient? Am J Transplant 13:1806–1816
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Singh, P., McCauley, J. (2018). Renal Transplantation with Other Organs. In: Ramirez, C., McCauley, J. (eds) Contemporary Kidney Transplantation. Organ and Tissue Transplantation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14779-6_8-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14779-6_8-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-14779-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-14779-6
eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine