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Doppler Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography for Label-Free Tissue Angiography

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Optical Coherence Tomography

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Abstract

Information about tissue perfusion and the vascular structure is certainly most important for assessment of tissue state or personal health and the diagnosis of any pathological conditions. It is therefore of key medical interest to have tools available for both quantitative blood flow assessment as well as qualitative vascular imaging. The strength of optical techniques is the unprecedented level of detail even for small capillary structures or microaneurysms and the possibility to combine different techniques for additional tissue spectroscopy giving insight into tissue metabolism. There is an immediate diagnostic and pharmacological demand for high-resolution, label-free, tissue angiography and flow assessment that in addition allow for precise depth gating of flow information. The most promising candidate is Doppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT) being noncontact, label free, and without employing hazardous radiation. DOCT provides fully quantitative volumetric information about blood flow together with the vascular and structural anatomy. Besides flow quantification, analysis of OCT signal fluctuations allows to contrast moving scatterers in tissue such as red blood cells from static tissue. This allows for non-invasive optical angiography and yields high resolution even for smallest capillaries. Because of the huge potential of DOCT and lable-free optical angiography for diagnosis, the last years saw a rapid increase of publications in this field with many different approaches. The present chapter gives an overview over existing Doppler OCT approaches and angiography techniques. It furthermore discusses limitations and noise issues, and gives examples for angiography in the eye and the skin.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Leopold Schmetterer, Wolfgang Drexler, Amardeep Singh, Branislav Grajciar, Tilman Schmoll, Rene Werkmeister, Alex Aneesh, Michael Binder, and Jessica Weingast from the Medical University of Vienna; Andrzej Kowalczyk, Anna Szkulmowska, and Ireneusz Grulkowski from the Nicholas Copernicus University in Torun, Poland; and Robert Huber, Wolfgang Wieser, and Thomas Klein from the LMU Munich, Germany. We acknowledge funding from the EU FP7 program (FUN OCT, grant no. 201880), funding by the Austrian Christian Doppler Association and EURYI grant/award funded by the European Heads of Research Councils (EuroHORCs) together with the European Science Foundation (ESF – EURYI 01/2007PL) operated by the Foundation for Polish Science.

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  1. Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria

    Rainer A. Leitgeb & Cedric Blatter

  2. Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul.Grudziadzka 5, PL-87-100, Toruń, Poland

    Maciej Szkulmowski & Maciej Wojtkowski

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  1. Rainer A. Leitgeb
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  1. Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, General Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Wolfgang Drexler

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

    James G. Fujimoto

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Leitgeb, R.A., Szkulmowski, M., Blatter, C., Wojtkowski, M. (2015). Doppler Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography for Label-Free Tissue Angiography. In: Drexler, W., Fujimoto, J. (eds) Optical Coherence Tomography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06419-2_43

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