Skip to main content

Na+/H+ Exchange

  • Reference work entry
  • 315 Accesses

Abstract

Na+/H+ exchange was first described by Murer et al. (1976) in a study of intestinal and renal brush-border vesicles. The plasma membrane Na/H exchanger is an ubiquitous pH-regulating cellular ion transport system. It is driven by the Na+ gradient and extrudes protons from the cytosol in exchange for extracellular Na+ ions (Aronson 1985; Frelin et al. 1988; Fliegel and Dyck 1995; Orlowski and Grinstein 1997; Wakabayshi et al. 1997; Dibrov and Fliegel 1998). Six mammalian Na+/H+ exchangers, NHE1, NHE2, NHE3, NHE4, NHE5 (Attaphitaya et al. 1999; Szabo et al. 2000), and NHE6, have been described (Tse et al. 1994; Orlowski 1999; Counillon and Pouysségur 2000).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   2,999.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   5,499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References and Further Reading

Inhibition of Na+/H+ Exchange

  • Aihara K, Hisa H, Sato T, Yoneyama F, Sasamori J, Yamaguchi F, Yoneyama S, Mizuno Y, Takahashi A, Nagai A, Kimura T, Kogi K, Sato S (2000) Cardioprotective effect of TY-12533, a novel Na+-H+ exchange inhibitor on ischemia/reperfusion injury. Eur J Pharmacol 404:221–229

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aronson PS (1985) Kinetic properties of the plasma membrane Na+-H+ exchanger. Annu Rev Physiol 47:545–560

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Attaphitaya S, Park K, Melvin JE (1999) Molecular cloning and functional expression of a rat Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE5) highly expressed in brain. J Biol Chem 274:4383–4388

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aye NN, Xue YX, Hashimoto K (1997) Antiarrhythmic effects of cariporide, a novel Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor, on reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias in rat hearts. Eur J Pharmacol 339:121–127

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chakrabarti S, Hoque ANE, Karmazy M (1997) A rapid ischemia-induced apoptosis in isolated rat hearts and its attenuation by the sodium-hydrogen exchange inhibitor HOE 642 (cariporide). J Mol Cell Cardiol 29:3169–3174

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Counillon L, Pouysségur J (2000) The expanding family of eukaryotic Na+-H+ exchangers. J Biol Chem 275:1–4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dibrov P, Fliegel L (1998) Comparative molecular analysis of Na+/H+ exchangers: a unified model for Na+/H+ antiport? FEBS Lett 424:1–5

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fliegel L, Dyck JRB (1995) Molecular biology of the cardiac sodium/hydrogen exchanger. Cardiovasc Res 29:155–159

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frelin C, Vigne P, Lazdunski M (1984) The role of Na+/H+ exchange system in cardiac cells in relation to the control of the internal Na+ concentration. J Biol Chem 259:8880–8885

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frelin C, Vigne P, Ladoux A, Lazdunski M (1988) The regulation of intracellular pH in cells from vertebrates. Eur J Biochem 174:3–14

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gumina RJ, Mizumura T, Beier N, Schelling P, Schultz JJ, Gross GJ (1998) A new sodium/hydrogen exchange inhibitor, EMD 85131, limits infarct size in dogs when administered before or after coronary artery occlusion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 286:175–183

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gumina RJ, Daemmgen J, Gross GJ (2000) Inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger attenuates phase 1b ischemic arrhythmias and reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation. Eur J Pharmacol 396:119–124

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karmazyn M, Sostaric JV, Gan XT (2001) The myocardial Na+/H+ exchanger: a therapeutic target for the prevention of myocardial ischaemic and reperfusion injury and attenuation of postinfarction heart failure. Drugs 61:375–389

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kusumoto K, Haist JV, Karmazyn M (2001) Na+/H+ exchange inhibition reduces hypertrophy and heart failure after myocardial infarction in rats. Am J Physiol (Heart Circ Physiol) 280:H738–H745

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lazdunski M, Frelin C, Vigne P (1985) The sodium/hydrogen exchange system in cardiac cells: its biochemical and pharmacological properties and its role in regulation internal concentrations of sodium and internal pH. J Mol Cell Cardiol 17:1029–1042

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Linz WJ, Busch AE (2003) NHE-1 inhibition: from protection during acute ischaemia/reperfusion to prevention of myocardial remodelling. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 368:239–246

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murer H, Hopfer U, Kinne R (1976) Sodium/proton antiport in brush-border-membranes isolated from rat small intestine and kidney. Biochem J 154:597–604

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Myers ML, Farhangkhoee P, Karmazyn M (1998) Hydrogen peroxide induced impairment of postischemic ventricular function is prevented by the sodium-hydrogen exchange inhibitor HOE &42 (cariporide). Cardiovasc Res 40:290–296

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orlowski J (1999) Na+/H+ exchangers. Molecular diversity and relevance to the heart. Ann N Y Acad Sci 874:346–353

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orlowski J, Grinstein S (1997) Na+/H+ exchangers in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 272:22373–22776

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Portman MA, Panos AL, Xiao Y, Anderson DL, Ning X-H (2001) HOE-642 (cariporide) alters pHi and diastolic function after ischemia during reperfusion in pig hearts in situ. Am J Physiol (Heart Circ Physiol) 280:H830–H834

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen HH, Cragoe EJ, Ten Eick RE (1989) Na+-dependent activation of Na+-K+ pump in human myocardium during recovery from acidosis. Am J Physiol 256:H431–H439

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholz W, Albus U (1993) Na+/H+ exchanger exchange and its inhibition in cardiac ischemia and reperfusion. Basic Res Cardiol 88:443–455

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schömig A, Kurz T, Richardt G, Schömig E (1988) Neuronal sodium homeostasis and axoplasmic amine concentration determine calcium-independent noradrenaline release in normoxic and ischemic rat heart. Circ Res 63:214–226

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Szabo EZ, Numata M, Shull GE, Orlowski J (2000) Kinetic and pharmacological properties of a human brain Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 5 stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Biol Chem 275:6302–6307

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tani M, Neely JR (1990) Na+ accumulation increases Ca+2 overload and impairs function in anoxic rat heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 22:57–72

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tse CM, Levine SA, Yun CHC, Brant SR, Nath S, Pouysségur J, Donowitz M (1994) Molecular properties, kinetics and regulation of mammalian Na+/H+ exchangers. Cell Physiol Biochem 4:282–300

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wakabayshi S, Shigekawa M, Pouysségur J (1997) Molecular physiology of vertebrate Na+/H+ exchangers. Physiol Rev 77:51–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Weissberg PL, Little PJ, Cragoe EJ, Bobik A (1989) The pH of spontaneously beating cultured rat hearts is regulated by an ATP-calmodulin-dependent Na+/H+ antiport. Circ Res 64:676–685

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida H, Karmazyn M (2000) Na+/H+ exchange inhibition attenuates hypertrophy and heart failure in 1-wk postinfarction rat myocardium. Am J Physiol (Heart Circ Physiol) 278:H300–H304

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Inhibition of Na+/H+ Exchange in Thrombocytes

  • Rosskopf D, Morgenstern E, Scholz W, Osswald U, Siffert W (1991) Rapid determination of the elevated Na+-K+ exchange in platelets of patients with essential hypertension using an optical swelling assay. J Hypertens 9:231–238

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Inhibition of Na+/H+ Exchange in Cholesterol Activated Rabbit Erythrocytes

  • Scholz W, Albus U, Hropot M, Klaus E, Linz W, Schölkens BA (1990) Zunahme des Na+/H+-Austausches an Kaninchenerythrozyten unter atherogener Diät. In: Assmann G, Betz E, Heinle H, Schulte H (eds) Arteriosklerose – Neue Aspekte aus Zellbiologie und Molekulargenetik. Epidemiologie und Klinik. Vieweg, Braunschweig/Wiesbaden, pp 296–302

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholz W, Albus U, Linz W, Martorana P, Lang HJ, Schölkens BA (1992) Effects of Na+/H+ exchange inhibitors in cardiac ischaemia. J Mol Cell Cardiol 24:731–740

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scholz W, Albus U, Lang HJ, Linz W, Martorana PA, Englert HC, Schölkens BA (1993) Hoe 694, a new Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor and its effects in cardiac ischemia. Br J Pharmacol 109:562–568

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sodium Influx into Cultured Cardiac Myocytes

  • Scholz W, Albus U, Linz W, Martorana P, Lang HJ, Schölkens BA (1992) Effects of Na+/H+ exchange inhibitors in cardiac ischaemia. J Mol Cell Cardiol 24:731–740

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Inhibition of Na+/H+ Exchange into Cultured Aortic Endothelial Cells

  • Benos DJ, Cunningham S, Baker RR, Beason KB, Oh Y, Smith PR (1992) Molecular characteristics of amiloride-sensitive sodium channels. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 120:31–113

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ewart HS, Carroll R, Severson DL (1997) Lipoprotein lipase activity in rat cardiomyocytes is stimulated by insulin and dexamethasone. Biochem J 327:439–442

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frelin C, Vigne P, Lazdunski M (1985) The role of Na+/H+ exchange system in the regulation of internal pH in cultured cardiac cells. Eur J Biochem 149:1–4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frelin C, Vigne P, Breittmayer JP (1990) Mechanism of the cardiotoxic action of palytoxin. Mol Pharmacol 38:904–909

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jean T, Frelin C, Vigne P, Lazdunski M (1986) The Na+/H+ exchange system in glial cell lines. Properties and activation by an hyperosmotic shock. Eur J Biochem 160:211–219

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scholz W, Albus U (1993) Na+/H+ exchange and its inhibition in cardiac ischemia and reperfusion. Basic Res Cardiol 88:443–455

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

NHE Activity Measured by Intracellular pH in Isolated Ventricular Myocytes

  • Fischer H, Seelig A, Beier N, Raddatz P, Seelig J (1999) New drugs for the Na+/H+ exchanger. Influence of Na+ concentration and determination of inhibition constants with a microphysiometer. J Membr Biol 1:39–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kitazono T, Takeshige K, Cragoe EJ, Minakami S (1988) Intracellular pH changes of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells in response to ATP addition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 152:1304–1309

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nitschke R, Fröbe U, Greger R (1991) Antidiuretic hormone acts via V1 receptor in intracellular calcium in the isolated perfused rabbit cortical thick ascending limb. Pflügers Arch 417:622–632

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scholz W, Albus U, Counillon L, Gögelein H, Lang H-J, Linz W, Weichert A, Schölkens BA (1995) Protective effects of HOE642, a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor, on cardiac ischaemia and reperfusion. Cardiovasc Res 29:260–268

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shipolini AR, Yokoyama H, Galiñanes M, Edmondson SJ, Hearse DJ, Avkiran M (1997) Na+/H+ exchanger activity does not contribute to protection by ischemic preconditioning in the isolated rat heart. Circulation 96:3617–3625

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yasutake M, Haworth RS, King A, Avkiran M (1996) Thrombin activates the sarcolemmal Na+/H+ exchanger: evidence for a receptor-mediated mechanism involving protein kinase C. Circ Res 79:705–715

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yazawa K, Kaibara M, Ohara M, Kamayama M (1990) An improved method for isolating cardiac myocytes useful for patch-clamp studies. Jpn J Physiol 40:157–163

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yokoyama M, Yasutake M, Avkiran M (1998) α 1-adrenergic stimulation of sarcolemmal Na+/H+ exchanger activity in rat ventricular myocytes: evidence for selective mediation by the α 1A-adrenoceptor subtype. Circ Res 82:1078–1985

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

NHE Subtype Specificity

  • Counillon LT, Scholz W, Lang HJ, Pouysségour J (1993) Pharmacological characterization of stably transfected Na+/H+ antiporter isoforms using amiloride analogs and a new inhibitor exhibiting anti-ischemic properties. Mol Pharmacol 44:1041–1045

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Faber S, Lang HJ, Hropot M, Schölkens BA, Mutschler E (1996) A novel screening assay of the Na+-dependent Cl/HCO3 exchanger (NCBE) and its inhibitors. Cell Physiol Biochem 6:39–49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Helmle-Kolb C, Montrose MH, Stange G, Murer H (1990) Regulation of Na+/H+ exchange in opossum kidney cells by parathyroid hormone, cyclic AMP and phorbol esters. Pflügers Arch 415:461–470

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ko WC, Shih CM, Lai YH, Chen JH, Huang HL (2004) Inhibitory effects of flavonoids on phosphodiesterase isozymes from guinea pig and their structure–activity relationships. Biochem Pharmacol 68:2087–2094

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sardet C, Franchi A, Pouysségour J (1989) Molecular cloning, primary structure, and expression of the human growth factor-activable Na+/H+ antiporter. Cell 56:271–280

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scholz W, Albus U, Counillon L, Gögelein H, Lang H-J, Linz W, Weichert A, Schölkens BA (1995) Protective effects of HOE642, a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor, on cardiac ischaemia and reperfusion. Cardiovasc Res 29:260–268

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwark JR, Jansen HW, Lang HJ, Krick W, Burckhardt G, Hropot M (1998) S3226, a novel inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchanger subtype 3 in various cell types. Pflügers Arch 436:797–800

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael Gralinski .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this entry

Cite this entry

Gralinski, M., Neves, L.A.A., Tiniakova, O. (2016). Na+/H+ Exchange. In: Hock, F. (eds) Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05392-9_144

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics