Skip to main content

Sexual Assault

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Family Medicine
  • 223 Accesses

Abstract

Sexual assault is an act of violence and aggression and represents a complex problem with medical, psychological, and legal aspects. Because definitions vary among states, the term sexual assault is sometimes used interchangeably with rape. The Federal Bureau of Investigation’s definition of rape recognizes that victims of rape and perpetrators may be of either gender and includes oral and anal penetration as well as penetration with an object. This definition also includes instances in which the victim is incapable of giving consent because of temporary or permanent mental or physical incapacity (including due to the influence of drugs or alcohol) or because of age. Physical resistance is not required on the part of the victim to demonstrate lack of consent [1, 2].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 849.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Committee Opinion No. 592. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Sexual assault. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123:905–9.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Summary Reporting System (SRS) user manual version 1.0. Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division, Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program. Washington, DC: FBI. 2013. http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/nibrs/summary-reporting-system-srs-user-manual.

  3. Black MC, Basile KC, Breiding MJ, Smith SG, Walters ML, Merrick MT, et al. The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 summary report. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011. http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/nisvs_report2010-a.pdf.

  4. Boykins A, Alvanzo A, Carson S, et al. Minority women victims of recent sexual violence: disparities in incident history. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2010;19(3):453–61. doi:10.1089/jwh.2009.1484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Littleton HL, Grills-Taquechel AE, Buck KS, Rosman L, Dodd JC. Health risk behavior and sexual assault among ethnically diverse women. Psychol Women Q. 2013;37(1):7–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Wolitzky-Taylor K B, Ruggiero KJ, Danielson CK, Resnick HS, Hanson RF, Smith DW, … and Kilpatrick DG. Prevalence and correlates of dating violence in a national sample of adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008;47(7):755–62.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Lefley HP, Scott CS, Llabre M, Hicks D. Cultural beliefs about rape and victims’ response in three ethnic groups. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1993;63(4):623.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Committee Opinion No. 547. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Health care for women in the military and women veterans. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;120:1538–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Davies M. Male sexual assault victims: a selective review of the literature and implications for support services. Aggress Violent Behav. 2002;7:203–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Bullock CM, Beckson M. Male victims of sexual assault: phenomenology, psychology, physiology. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2011;39(2):197–205.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Bennice J, Resick PA, Mechanic M, Astin M. The relative effects of intimate partner physical and sexual violence on post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology. Violence Vict. 2003;18(1):87–94.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Kilpatrick DG, Ruggiero KJ, Acierno R, Saunders BE, Resnick HS, Best CL. Violence and risk of PTSD, major depression, substance abuse/dependence, and comorbidity: Results from the national survey of adolescents. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003;71:692–700.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Brown J, Burnette M, Cerulli C. Correlations between Sexual abuse histories, perceived danger, and PTSD among intimate partner violence victims. J Interpers Violence. 2014. pii: 0886260514553629. [Epub ahead of print].

    Google Scholar 

  14. Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women. A national protocol for sexual assault medical forensic examinations: adults/adolescents. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: DOJ; 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Linden J. Care of the adult patient after sexual assault. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:834–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Palmer CM, McNulty AM, D’Este C, Donovan B. Genital injuries in women reporting sexual assault. Sex Health. 2004;1(1):55–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Pernoll ML, Benson RC. Benson and Pernoll’s handbook of obstetrics and gynecology (10th ed). New York: McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division; 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Workowski KA, Berman S, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines [published erratum appears in MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2011;60:18]. MMWR Recomm Rep 2010;59(RR-12):1–110.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Lamba H, Murphy SM. Sexual assault and sexually transmitted infections: an updated review. Int J STD AIDS. 2000;11:487–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Murphy S, Kitchen V, Harris JR, et al. Rape and subsequent seroconversion to HIV. BMJ. 1989;299:718. [PubMed].

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Myles JE, Hirozawa A, Katz MH, et al. Postexposure prophylaxis for HIV after sexual assault. JAMA. 2000;284:1516–8. [PubMed].

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Fong C. Post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection after sexual assault: when is it indicated? Emerg Med J. 2001;18:242–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute’s. Clinical guidelines development program. http://www.hivguidelines.org/clinical-guidelines/post-exposure-prophylaxis/hiv-prophylaxis-following-non-occupational-exposure/.

  24. Basson R, Baram DA. Sexuality, sexual dysfunction, and sexual assault. In: Berek JS, editor. Berek and Novak’s gynecology. 15th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012. p. 270–304.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Kilpatrick DG, Edmunds CN,Seymour A. Rape in America: a report to the nation. Arlington: National Victim Center; 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Hyman I, Guruge S, Stewart DE, Ahmad F. Primary prevention of violence against women. Womens Health Issues. 2000;10(6):288–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Luce H, Schrager S, Gilchrist V. Sexual assault of women. Am Fam Physician. 2010;81(4):489–95.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Beebe DK. Sexual assault. In: Family medicine. New York: Springer; 1994. p. 211–5.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lisa M. Johnson .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this entry

Cite this entry

Johnson, L.M. (2017). Sexual Assault. In: Paulman, P., Taylor, R., Paulman, A., Nasir, L. (eds) Family Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04414-9_29

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04414-9_29

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-04413-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-04414-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics