Aviation

According to Collins English Dictionary, “aviation” emerged in the second half of the nineteenth century, first as a French term and then later anglicized. It has two chief meanings. First, it is the art and/or science of flying an aircraft and is synonymous with aeronautics as all activities of aerial locomotion. Second, it refers to the design, development, production, operation, administration, and use of heavier-than-air aircraft. This implies that aviation is an amalgam of modes, stakeholders, industries, and organizations.

Related activities can be divided using different modes and systems (Doganis 2010). A major differentiation is between military and civil aviation. The former is for the purposes of national or international defense as well as for warfare. The latter incorporates all nonmilitary activities and can be divided into scheduled (commercial) air transport(passenger, freight, and airmail) and general aviation. General aviation includes all other activities on a...