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Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Peruvian Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.)

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Bioactive Compounds in the Storage Organs of Plants

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

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Abstract

Lepidium meyenii (Peruvian maca or maca) is a medicinal plant native to the Peruvian Andes region that grows in adverse environments, such as extreme cold and intense sunlight. Maca has different variations depending on the color of its root, and 13 types have already been identified. Many biological activities have already been identified in maca extracts, such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressive activities. Maca extracts contain several chemical substances that have already been identified, including glucosinolates, alkaloids, polysaccharides, flavonoids, fatty acids, and macamides. Macamides are an exclusive class of compounds present in maca extracts and are the main responsible compounds for the pharmacological properties of the extracts. They are composed of benzylamine and fatty acids, and 32 macamides have already been identified. Macamides have shown biological activities like neuroprotection, antitumoral, and antifatigue activities. Therefore, maca and their isolated compounds, the macamides, are potential therapeutic targets in treating various diseases and disorders.

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Abbreviations

ATM:

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated

CORT:

Corticosterone

EEM:

Maca ethanol extract

HO-1:

Heme oxygenase-1

HRMS:

High-resolution mass spectrometry

LC-MS:

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

LC-UV:

Liquid chromatography-ultraviolet

LOX:

Lipoxygenase enzyme

M:

18:1 N-(3-Methoxybenzyl)-9Z-octadecenamide

M:

18:2 N-(3-Methozybenzyl)-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienamide

M:

18:3 N-(3-Methozybenzyl)-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide

MAC:

18:1 N-(3-Methoxybenzyl) oleamide

MAC:

18:2 N-(3-Methoxybenzyl) linoleamide

MAC:

18:3 N-(3-Methoxybenzyl) linolenamide

MBOC:

N-(3-Methoxybenzyl)-9,12,15-octadecatrienamide

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

MMP:

Mitochondrial membrane potential

MnCl2:

Manganese chloride

MS:

Mass spectrometry

NB-EPA:

N-Benzyl eicosapentaenamide

NBH:

N-Benzyl-hexadecanamide

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

NO:

Nitric oxide

OVX:

Ovariectomized

PPARγ:

Human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TDF:

Testicular dysfunction

TM3:

Mouse Leydig cells

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Metabolomics Research Group, IQ-UFBA, Salvador, Brazil

    Fernanda V. Carvalho & Paulo R. Ribeiro

  2. Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, ICS-UFBA, Salvador, Brazil

    Victor Diogenes A. da Silva

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  1. Fernanda V. Carvalho
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  2. Victor Diogenes A. da Silva
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  3. Paulo R. Ribeiro
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Correspondence to Paulo R. Ribeiro .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India

    Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy

  2. Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea (Republic of)

    Kee Yoeup Paek

  3. Dept of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea (Republic of)

    So-Young Park

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Carvalho, F.V., da Silva, V.D.A., Ribeiro, P.R. (2024). Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Peruvian Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.). In: Murthy, H.N., Paek, K.Y., Park, SY. (eds) Bioactive Compounds in the Storage Organs of Plants. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29006-0_46-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29006-0_46-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-29006-0

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